Digital justice: the impact of social media on legal reforms and judicial processes

Notwithstanding more than a half century of international assistance for legal and judicial reform--which has now grown into a global project covering nearly all donors and some ninety-three recipient countries--legal and judicial systems in countries face a mounting crisis. Justice for the poor is more elusive today than ever before. There are a number of well-recognized reasons for the poor effectiveness of international assistance and national programs for legal and judicial reform. --There is very little clarity or consensus about what constitutes a well-functioning legal system and how to define and measure the success of legal and judicial reform. What are the developmental outcomes of specific legal reform interventions? What is the relative role of legal reform in achieving desired developmental outcomes as against other dimensions such as economic, social and political reform? How should legal reforms be sequenced and prioritized to have the most beneficial impacts on outcomes? The goals of legal and judicial reform are still vague. Key goals such as rule of and independence of the judiciary are more idealistic political slogans than measurable objectives notwithstanding efforts to quantify them. There has been no adequate explanation of very important questions such as why China has enjoyed such high levels of economic virtually without a Western-style legal system; or how India has transformed itself from a laggard in economic to one of the fastest-growing economies in the world without any improvement in its creaky legal system (as a matter of fact, while the legal system may have been getting worse). There is very little independent evaluation of the quite massive international assistance for legal and judicial reform. --Legal and judicial reform traditionally focuses on changes to legislation and on institutional reform and capacity building of judicial, legislative, and executive institutions concerned with the as well as professional and legal educational institutions. This supply side approach to reform does not adequately focus on the demand side of the legal system (users and the public) or on the broader economical, social, and political context in which legal and judicial reform takes place. --The conceptual dilemmas raised over the last half century are still unresolved. For example, is it necessarily a good thing for the poor to build formal Western-style legal systems and support legal education and the legal profession in poor countries? What is the risk that these institutions end up favoring the rich and exacerbating existing inequalities and inequities? --As pointed out by Dave Trubek and Marc Galanter thirty-two years ago, the essential purpose of assistance for and continues to be the promotion of Western legal concepts and institutions, an enterprise that plunged scholars into self-estrangement thirty-two years ago and should push them even further into deeper estrangement today. (1) Law and continues to be ethnocentric and heavily dominated by the Anglo-Saxon, common-law tradition of three countries. Should not and itself be democratized? --Law and is too much in bed with the development business (especially in terms of financial support for academic work). This is now turning to be a distinct liability as the development project itself is now struggling for relevance and survival, whereas legal reform is accepted as a high-priority, urgent need. This has had at least two consequences. First, the content of and has become greatly influenced by the highly political agenda of development, with its shifting goals and priorities, for example, from economic to social and political aspects in sync with the changing agenda of institutions. Second, and focuses only on the problem of the role of in developing countries unlike the law and society movement--from which it originated--which benefited from a broader analytical framework that looks at the role of in all societies, North and South. …

In the current technological driven society, the role and impact of social media has versatile significant in different fields / sectors at gross in all over the world. The impact of social media on stock markets of India as well as world is one of these fields / sectors. The social media impact can be measured by no of persons using social media and how many of them are interested in stock market. The increase rate in use of internet leads the popularity of social media. Social Media is one of the important media which can connect the each and every people of India as well as whole World. Today stock market and the investors are not restricted to geographical boundaries of a country. Today, we can say the whole world is market as well as a stock market. It is only possible for the development of technology and use of technology by the most of the people of the world. A lot study has been undertaken by various researchers, academician, and scholars on the impact of social media on stock market in India as well as the whole World. But, no remarkable study has been undertaken on the impact of social media on stock market of Odisha. So, this is an attempt to study impact of social media on stock market of India and potential investors of Odisha. The present study based on both primary and secondary data. The primary data has been collected through a well-defined questionnaire which is designed for this specific purpose. The secondary data have collected through a well-designed strategy, and these have been collected from various e-journals, e-magazines, e-annual reports of companies, and various reputed websites. There are various statistical tools, i.e., percentage calculations; correlation, and chi-square test have used for analysis and interpretation of results. The present study concluded that the social media has vital role and impact on stock market. The social media is also helping stock market and investors in their trading in the current market scenario.

Fear of Missing Out (FoMO) and social media’s impact on daily-life and productivity at work: Do WhatsApp, Facebook, Instagram, and Snapchat Use Disorders mediate that association?

Social media is a worldwide phenomenon with applications like Facebook and Twitter credited with everything from Obama's 2008 election victory to the Arab Spring. But alongside claims of a social media inspired ‘revolution' lay more nuanced questions around the role and impact of digital tools, smartphones, and social media in ‘every day' contexts. The chapter discusses the role and impact of social media in organisations through two case studies where social media and digital technologies were used to increase energy awareness and environmental citizenship within organisations. Encouraging findings are presented that show the potential of such tools to facilitate change within individuals and organisations yet a cautionary note is offered with regards implementing and measuring such campaigns. Results from the interviews are discussed revealing how claims of social media on participation can be tested, and recommendations offered on how to design interventions for future social media and environmental communication initiatives.

This article examines and analyzes the rights of defendants in Islamic jurisprudence and the Iranian Criminal Procedure Code. Given the importance of preserving human dignity and justice in the judicial process, this study seeks to align Islamic legal principles with modern legal frameworks. Initially, the theoretical foundations of defendants' rights in Islamic jurisprudence are reviewed, focusing on principles such as the presumption of innocence, prohibition of torture, and equality before the law. Subsequently, these principles are compared with the Iranian Criminal Procedure Code to identify the similarities and differences between these two legal systems. The study then explores the legal and practical challenges related to defendants' rights at various stages of the judicial process, including investigation, trial, and appeal, and analyzes instances of rights violations in the Iranian judicial practice. Finally, suggestions are made for strengthening legal and jurisprudential foundations, revising and updating the Criminal Procedure Code, and increasing awareness and training for judges and lawyers. This research demonstrates that extensive legal and structural reforms are necessary to ensure the rights of defendants in Iran's judicial system.

PurposeTo understand the impact of mobile social media use on absorption within the customer experience, and overall engagement with the physical service context, a qualitative research study was undertaken. In particular, this study aims to understand the impact of mobile technology use on service engagement by tourists.Design/methodology/approachIn this study, two groups of tourists were sent to a zoo wildlife lodge for one night. Half the group were permitted to use social media during their stay while the other half were instructed to refrain from actively using their social media accounts for the duration of their visit. The following day, in-depth qualitative interviews were conducted with each couple to explore how the use of social media or refraining from social media use impacted on their absorption within the service customer experience.FindingsThe findings suggest that engagement with their physical surroundings and the overall customer experience was increased when refraining from social media; however, respondents marketed the tourism provider enthusiastically when using mobile social media during their stay, compared with the group that was not using social media during the stay.Research limitations/implicationsDespite a relatively small sample, a series of recommendations for service researchers and service providers have been generated through this research. For example, the methodology used can provide new ideas for researchers seeking to explore service customer experiences and engagement with the physical context. Service providers can also use recommendations around device free days to provide more immersive service customer experiences.Originality/valueResearch within marketing typically does not use quasi-experimental design or paired interviews, as used in this study. Furthermore, the understanding of the impact of mobile social media use on engagement with a physical service environment has received very little attention in the academic literature.

The impact of social media on the travel industry is predicted to be tremendous, especially on its holiday travel segment. Although there is a plethora of studies concentrating on the role and impact of social media in travel related decisions, most of them are medium and community specific, or focus on a specific stage of the decision making or the travel planning process. This paper presents a comprehensive view of the role and impact of social media on the travel planning process: before, during and after the trip, providing insights on usage levels, scope of use, level of influence, and trust. The study was conducted through an online structured questionnaire on a sample of 346 members of an online panel of internet users from Russia and the other Former Soviet Union (FSU) Republics who had been on holidays in the previous 12 months. Findings reveal that social media are predominantly used after holidays for experience sharing. It is also shown that there is a strong correlation between level of influence from social media and changes made to holiday plans. Moreover, it is revealed that user-generated content is more trusted than official tourism websites, travel agents, and mass media advertising.

This paper focuses on the impact of social media on the body and image anxiety of Chinese high school students. It identified that the impact of social media on the physical and image anxiety of Chinese high school students is significantly different in terms of gender, grade, origin and time. The impact of social media on the physical and image anxiety of Chinese female high school students is higher than that of Chinese male senior high school students. The impact of social media on the physical and image anxiety of high school students in China's first and second tier cities is higher than that of senior high school students in China's third and fourth tier cities, etc. Families and schools should strengthen the correct consciousness and aesthetics of senior high school students, and the society should also establish a social media intervention mechanism.

This review aims to summarise the evidence on the impact of news media and social media reports of severe mental illness (SMI) on stigma, and interventions that aim to mitigate any adverse impact. A systematic search of electronic databases was conducted in December 2017 to identify studies that report on the impact of media coverage or media interventions on stigma related to schizophrenia, psychosis, bipolar disorder, or mental illness in general. Data were synthesised narratively. 12 studies met inclusion criteria; seven explored the impact of news media on stigma towards SMI or general mental illness, two explored the impact of social media, while three evaluated interventions that aimed to mitigate this impact. These studies showed that positive news reports and social media posts are likely to lead to reductions in stigmatizing attitudes and negative reports and social media posts are likely to increase stigmatizing attitudes. There were a limited number of interventions aiming to mitigate the negative impact of news reports of mental illness on stigma; however, these were ineffective. Interventions with media professionals appear to be successful at reducing their stigmatizing attitudes, but can also act to increase both positive and negative reports in the media. Given the limited research evidence on the impact of news and social media on stigma towards SMI, and on the effectiveness of interventions aiming to mitigate this impact, further studies of higher quality are needed in this area. Due to mixed findings, interventions with media professionals are also an area of research priority.

Objectives: This research aims to explore the role of environmental planning and legal reform in achieving sustainable development, particularly in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region. It seeks to identify mechanisms through which domestic and regional efforts can reduce environmental degradation, modernize legal systems, and promote sustainable economic, social, and environmental outcomes. Theoretical Framework: The study is grounded in the concept of sustainable development, as outlined by the United Nations, which emphasizes the integration of three dimensions: economic, social, and environmental. Central to this framework is the understanding that environmental planning and legal modernization are critical levers for balancing development goals with the protection of natural resources. Additionally, the framework draws on theories of environmental governance, digital justice, and institutional reform. Method: A descriptive-analytical approach was employed to analyze current legal systems, regional development trends, and the implementation of environmental planning practices. This method involves examining national and international legal frameworks, identifying gaps, and proposing steps for the development of innovative legal rules that align with international agreements and sustainable development targets. Results and Discussion: The findings indicate that: Legal systems in many MENA countries require updating to be compatible with global standards in investment and environmental regulation. There is a growing necessity to shift institutional behaviors toward green finance and sustainable practices. Strengthening governance structures, enhancing judicial transparency, and promoting digital justice are critical to creating an enabling environment for sustainable development. Environmental planning emerges as a key strategy for operationalizing the environmental goals of the UN’s sustainable development agenda, particularly through the implementation of measurable objectives and coordinated urban development policies. Research Implications: This study contributes to a deeper understanding of how environmental planning and legal innovation can be strategically employed to address complex development challenges. It offers policymakers and legal experts a framework for aligning national strategies with global sustainability goals, promoting long-term resilience in the face of environmental pressures. Originality/Value: The research offers a novel integration of legal reform, environmental planning, and sustainable development within the specific socio-political context of the MENA region. By linking legal modernization with green finance, digital justice, and governance reform, this study provides a multidimensional perspective that is essential for effective and inclusive sustainable development policymaking.

Facing the invasion of foreign powers and the existence of consular jurisdiction, the Qing government started the legal system reform in the New Policy Reform in the 1900s. Headed by Shen Jiaben, the legal reformers followed the practice of European Continental Law and the Japanese legal system. They revised the traditional Chinese laws to achieve a legal system of lighter punishment, less cruelty and more equality. They also drafted new laws that did not exist before, such as criminal law, civil law, commercial law and procedural law. This reform broke the traditional Chinese system of legal codes in which all kinds of laws were included. The traditional Chinese legal system thus was quickly replaced by a modern legal system that composed of constitution, civil law, criminal law, civil procedure law, criminal procedure law, and administrative law. The legal reform in the late Qing, though profound and influential, reflected the characteristics of a transitional system in which the old and new coexisted and the Chinese and Western legal systems were combined.

This study delves into the profound impact of social media on body image perceptions and overall dissatisfaction among young adults at Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad. In today's digital age, social media pervades the lives of young people, shaping their self-perceptions and influencing their social interactions. This research aims to understand how the constant exposure to curated and often idealized images on social media platforms contributes to the development of unrealistic body standards, fostering feelings of inadequacy and pressure to conform to societal beauty ideals. Employing a quantitative research approach, the study focused on a sample of 200 undergraduate and postgraduate students aged 18 to 30 years. Data collection utilized systematic sampling techniques and involved the administration of questionnaires via Google Forms. The study drew upon Social Comparison Theory to understand how individuals evaluate their own appearance by comparing themselves to the seemingly flawless images and physiques presented on social media platforms. Data analysis was conducted using IBM SPSS Statistics. The findings revealed a significant correlation between social media usage and body image dissatisfaction among young adults. Frequent comparisons with idealized images of influencers and celebrities on social media platforms were found to be a major contributor to negative body image perceptions, leading to a range of negative emotional and psychological outcomes, including anxiety, depression, and low self-esteem. These findings underscore the urgent need for interventions that address the detrimental effects of social media on young adults' mental health. 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This study aimed to analyze social media use in students and map Islamic education teachers' role in counteracting social media's negative impact on students at SMAN 4 Tana Toraja. This research uses a qualitative approach; The research subjects are the principal, Islamic Education teachers, students, and other teachers. The data collection technique involves observing, interviewing, documenting, and data analysis techniques with three stages: data reduction, data display, and data verification. The result findings on the research that social media use has their views, but most students use social media as a tool to get updated information, both related to education or outside education. Social media's impact also depends on the students; if the students use social media for good acts, it will positively impact, but it will impact negatively when the students use it in criminal activity. Islamic education teachers at SMA Negeri 4 Tana Toraja responsibility for providing understanding to the students about the impact of using social media. The responsibility of Islamic education teachers manifested in the character formation of students with noble character. Another finding is that the teachers must be able to divide their time to organize their roles properly. All forms of academic administration are expecting to immediately address so that the teacher's role problems can run optimally. the recommendation about the research is that students' use of social media must also go through the parent's and teachers' collaboration supervision empowerment

Technological determinism, a theory examining the role of technology in societal development, is a subject of extensive discourse in the internet era. This theory perceives technology as a pivotal force shaping societal progress. Within this framework, divergent perspectives emerge, ranging from utopian views depicting technology as a vehicle for salvation to dystopian views highlighting its disruptive potential. This duality is particularly evident in discussions regarding social media's influence on political communication. The hybridization of media systems, as proposed by Andrew Chadwick, further blurs the lines between traditional and new media, exemplified by Barack Obama's groundbreaking 2008 presidential campaign, which utilized social media alongside traditional platforms. Social media's and religion perception impact on political communication evokes both optimism and skepticism. While proponents laud its role in fostering citizen engagement and enhancing political participation, critics like Malcolm Gladwell argue that it amplifies expression without tangible impact. Moreover, the influence of social media on political campaigns underscores the evolving landscape of communication strategies, with leaders leveraging platforms like Facebook and Twitter to shape public perception. In navigating this terrain, understanding the complexities of image construction becomes paramount for political actors. The interplay between rhetoric, communication strategies, and public perception shapes the success of political campaigns. However, maintaining control over one's image amidst the fluid dynamics of political discourse remains a formidable challenge. In conclusion, the discourse surrounding technological determinism and social media's impact on political communication underscores the need for nuanced analysis. While social media offers unprecedented opportunities for engagement, its dual nature necessitates vigilance against manipulation and polarization. Ultimately, the compatibility between desired images and genuine personas remains central to effective political communication in the digital age.

Background: The impact of social media on the U.S. presidential election is a multifaceted and profound issue. Social media has revolutionized the way information is disseminated and consumed, playing a pivotal role in shaping voters' perceptions and behaviors. This paper explores the various ways in which social media influences voters' perceptions of the fairness of election rules, electoral opportunities, and their electoral intentions. Objectives: To analyze the role of social media in affecting voters' understanding of election rules, the formation of public opinions, and the shaping of electoral intentions. The study aims to highlight the challenges posed by misinformation, the polarization of public opinion, and the potential for manipulation of voter behavior through social media platforms. Methods:The research employs a comprehensive review of existing literature, case studies of recent U.S. presidential elections, and an analysis of social media trends and user interactions. It examines the efficiency and breadth of information transmission, the reliability of information, the risk of division and information filtering, and the promotion of voter mobilization and participation. Results: The study finds that social media significantly impacts voters' perceptions of the fairness of election rules, with both positive and negative effects. On one hand, it facilitates the rapid and wide dissemination of election-related information, enhancing voter awareness and participation. On the other hand, it poses risks due to the spread of false information, the reinforcement of existing biases through algorithmic recommendations, and the potential for targeted political advertising to influence voter behavior. Conclusions: Social media is a double-edged sword in the context of U.S. presidential elections. While it has the potential to increase civic engagement and political participation, it also introduces new challenges that threaten the integrity of the electoral process. The paper emphasizes the need for stronger regulations, improved platform responsibility, and enhanced media literacy among voters to ensure the fairness and transparency of elections in the digital age.