Abstract
Corky split vein caused by boron (B) deficiency in ‘Newhall’ Navel Orange was studied in the present research. The boron-deficient citrus exhibited a symptom of corky split vein in mature leaves. Morphologic and anatomical surveys at four representative phases of corky split veins showed that the symptom was the result of vascular hypertrophy. Digital gene expression (DGE) analysis was performed based on the Illumina HiSeq™ 2000 platform, which was applied to analyze the gene expression profilings of corky split veins at four morphologic phases. Over 5.3 million clean reads per library were successfully mapped to the reference database and more than 22897 mapped genes per library were simultaneously obtained. Analysis of the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) revealed that the expressions of genes associated with cytokinin signal transduction, cell division, vascular development, lignin biosynthesis and photosynthesis in corky split veins were all affected. The expressions of WOL and ARR12 involved in the cytokinin signal transduction pathway were up-regulated at 1st phase of corky split vein development. Furthermore, the expressions of some cell cycle genes, CYCs and CDKB, and vascular development genes, WOX4 and VND7, were up-regulated at the following 2nd and 3rd phases. These findings indicated that the cytokinin signal transduction pathway may play a role in initiating symptom observed in our study.
Highlights
B is essential for higher plants [1], and soluble B content in soil and irrigation water is a crucial for determining the yield of agricultural products [2]
The histological micrographs indicated that vascular hypertrophy was related to the symptom occurrence
Genes associated with plant cytokinin signal transduction, cell division, vascular development were affected in corky split veins
Summary
B is essential for higher plants [1], and soluble B content in soil and irrigation water is a crucial for determining the yield of agricultural products [2]. B deficiency (BD) has been reported in 132 plants in more than 80 countries [3]. The occurrence of B deficiency has been reported in the major citrus producing countries, such as Spain, America, Brazil and China [3]. In China, large south and east areas contain extremely low level of soluble B (,0.25 mg kg21) [10,11]. Being a predominant region of naval orange production, Ganzhou an area of Jiangxi province in south China plays an important role in the country’s citrus production. Corky split veins of leaves usually occurred in main local cultivars, ‘Newhall’ navel orange (Citrus sinensis Osb.) [12], which declines the vigour of tree rapidly after the fruit set, and eventually affects fruit yield and quality in the coming years [13]
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