Abstract
The grouting method is commonly used to seal rock fissures in subsea tunnels, and therefore the water and mud inrush can be prevented in this way. However, the current understanding of the grout diffusion mechanism inside the rock fissure under seawater conditions is still limited, especially inside the inclined rock fissure. This study first presented a novel rock fissure geometry schematization, which can be simplified to a single fissure with different inclinations. Then, based on the obtained time-varying grout viscosity under seawater conditions, the grout diffusion model of cement and sodium silicate grout (C-S grout) was developed by combining the equilibrium equation, constitutive equation, and continuity equation, which can be used to calculate the key parameters involved in rock fissure grouting, i.e., the grouting pressure and grout diffusion distance. After that, the change of grouting pressure with time was obtained. Furthermore, the numerical simulation of grouting in the inclined rock fissure was performed to verify the suitability of the grout diffusion model, and the comparison between them shows that they match reasonably well with each other. It is hoped that the conclusions could aid in the design of grouting in rock fissures around subsea tunnels with C-S grout in the future.
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