Abstract
Olanzapine is an antipsychotic drug effective in the treatment of stress-associated psychiatric illnesses, but its effect on the spleen remains unclear. Vitamin C is essential for the optimum function of the immune system. We aim to investigate the effect of Olanzapine on spleen structures and to assess the protective effect of vitamin C. Forty adult male albino rats were divided into four groups: group (I), a control; group (II), rats were given vitamin C at 40 mg/kg body weight; group (III), rats were given Olanzapine at 2 mg/kg body weight; and group (IV), rats were given vitamin C and Olanzapine at the same dose of group (II) and group (III) for one month. The hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) of the olanzapine treated group showed focal areas of cellular depletion and a decrease in the size of the white pulp. The red pulp was expanded and showed marked congestion and dilatation of blood sinusoids. Cluster of differentiation 3 (CD3) was significantly reduced, however both tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) were significantly higher. The administration of vitamin C repaired structural and immunohistochemical changes via increased CD3 and decreased TNF-α and VEGF. Therefore, the oxidative and the inflammatory pathways may be the possible mechanisms underlying olanzapine immunotoxicity. Vitamin C exerted immune modulator and antioxidant effects against olanzapine.
Highlights
Olanzapine is one of the antipsychotic drugs used broadly in the treatment of psychotic conditions.It is used as monotherapy or in combination with antidepressants to treat depressive illnesses [1].The human therapeutic dose is 10–20 mg/day [2]
Examination of hematoxylin and eosin (H&E)-stained sections of the vitamin C-treated group (II) showed that they consisted of the normal architecture of white pulp with a sheath of numerous lymphocytes surrounding the central arteriole (Figure 1C,D)
Olanzapine exerted damage in the spleen associated with a reduction in Cluster of differentiation 3 (CD3)+ and increased TNF-α and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)
Summary
Olanzapine is one of the antipsychotic drugs used broadly in the treatment of psychotic conditions.It is used as monotherapy or in combination with antidepressants to treat depressive illnesses [1].The human therapeutic dose is 10–20 mg/day [2]. Olanzapine is one of the antipsychotic drugs used broadly in the treatment of psychotic conditions. It is used as monotherapy or in combination with antidepressants to treat depressive illnesses [1]. Few side effects have been reported for Olanzapine, such as severe pruritic skin eruption [3]. Some investigators observed that Olanzapine induced hepatic toxicity in few cases [4]. Adverse effects due to olanzapine appear to be dose-dependent [6]. Few studies on Olanzapine-induced alterations in the architecture of the spleen have been reported. The effects of lactation exposure to Olanzapine (4, 8, and 10 mg/kg) on hematology, spleen, and thymus of mice neonates were investigated. Olanzapine has suppressed the lymphoid organs, such as the thymus and spleen, and decreased the number of follicles of the spleen [7]
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