Differential effects of two cannabinoid receptor agonists on progressive ratio responding for food and free-feeding in rats

Abstract

The cannabinoid receptor agonists delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol (delta9-THC) and HU-210 were compared in terms of their effects on: (1) progressive ratio (PR) responding for food, and (2) free food intake. In the first experiment, food-deprived Wistar rats were trained on a time-constrained (60 min) PR-5 schedule for food reinforcement, in which the response requirement incremented by five lever presses for each successive reinforcer. One group of rats received vehicle, 0.5, 1 or 3 mg/kg delta9-THC (i.p.), and three other groups received HU-210 (i.p.) at three different dose ranges, spanning 0.001-0.1 mg/kg. In the second experiment, the effects of the two drugs on free food intake were tested in a separate group of non-deprived rats. For PR responding, delta9-THC significantly increased the break point (final ratio completed) and the total number of lever presses emitted. The same drug also significantly increased free food intake. However, the effects of HU-210 were quite different: it did not alter PR responding at any dose; instead, its only significant effect was to reduce free food intake at 0.06 mg/kg. These data suggest that increased motivation to obtain food might underlie the hyperphagic effects of delta9-THC. However, the synthetic agonist HU-210 has different effects: it only acts to reduce feeding behaviour, an outcome that probably reflects non-specific behavioural disruption. These findings suggest important differences between the two CB1 receptor agonists in terms of their pharmacological effects.