Abstract
Various neuropathologies produce hyperintense signals on T2-weighted or fluid-attenuated inversion recovery sequences of the temporal lobes. Recognition of the distribution pattern and associated findings may narrow the spectrum of differential diagnoses or suggest a specific disease. This pictorial essay aims to illustrate the relatively common diseases that affect the temporal lobe, such as herpes simplex encephalitis, neurosyphilis, limbic encephalitis, postictal edema, neoplasia, and multiple sclerosis, as well as those that are less common, such as myotonic dystrophy type 1, CADASIL, and CARASIL, together with the particularities of each entity.
Highlights
Many diseases manifest with lesions in the temporal lobes, there are few that are restricted to such lesions or that present temporal predominance
The pattern of lesion distribution and the associated imaging findings should become better known, because they can narrow the spectrum of differential diagnoses and suggest a specific pathology. The objective of this pictorial essay was to demonstrate the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) changes in diseases that manifest with hyperintense signals on T2-weighted or fast fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) sequences of the temporal lobe
On MRI, the alterations caused by myotonic dystrophy type 1 manifest as supratentorial lesions of the white matter and mild cortical atrophy without restricted diffusion on diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI)
Summary
Many diseases manifest with lesions in the temporal lobes, there are few that are restricted to such lesions or that present temporal predominance. The pattern of lesion distribution and the associated imaging findings should become better known, because they can narrow the spectrum of differential diagnoses and suggest a specific pathology. The objective of this pictorial essay was to demonstrate the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) changes in diseases that manifest with hyperintense signals on T2-weighted or fast fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) sequences of the temporal lobe
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