Abstract
Background and Aim:Intestinal disorders represented a large proportion of abdominal emergencies in bovine practice, and their definite diagnosis was a big challenge. The study described different intestinal disorders in cattle either in the small intestine (SI) or large intestine with their sequelae and peritonitis between SI loops.Materials and Methods:This study involved healthy (n=20) and diseased (n=40) cattle with intestinal disorders. All animals were undergoing clinical examination, laboratory analyses, and ultrasonographic examination.Results:Diseased cattle had monocytic leukocytosis as well as hypoproteinemia and hypoalbuminemia. The SI ileus of either proximal (n=12) or distal (n=15), intussusception (n=3), cecal, and/or colonal dilatation (n=10) were diagnosed by ultrasound and other diagnostic tools. Duodenum intussusception was imaged in cross-section as bull’s eyes lesions. Animals with SI obstructions showed complete cessation (ileus with complete obstruction) or partial reduction of the peristaltic SI movement (ileus with partial obstruction), dilated duodenum (6.5-9.9 cm), and dilated jejunum and/or ileum (4.4-6.8 cm). Ultrasonography diagnosed SI ileus, due to either intestinal obstruction or peritonitis, and detected the ileus site, either proximal or distal. Cecal/colonal dilatation was detected using ultrasonography in which SI was not imaged and the peristaltic movements were completely reduced. The recorded intestinal disorders were associated with other disorders (e.g., liver cirrhosis or peritonitis).Conclusion:Ultrasonography played an important role in the differential diagnosis of intestinal disorders in cattle. Peritonitis between SI loops and cecal and/or colonal dilatation was also diagnosed.
Highlights
Preliminary diagnosis of gastrointestinal disorders in ruminants is achievable by the usual diagnostic measures [1,2,3]
Ultrasonography played an important role in the differential diagnosis of intestinal disorders in cattle
This study aimed to describe different intestinal disorders in cattle in either the small intestine (SI) or large intestine (LI) with their sequelae, mainly peritonitis between loops of the SI, through establishing different ultrasonographic findings that were very characteristic to these affections
Summary
Preliminary diagnosis of gastrointestinal disorders in ruminants is achievable by the usual diagnostic measures (e.g., visual inspection, palpation, percussion, and auscultation) [1,2,3]. Intestinal obstruction (IO) is a potentially life-threatening disorder in all large animals, in horses [9]. It was reported in cattle [10] and buffaloes [5] and rarely diagnosed in sheep and goats (except for intestinal volvulus in lambs) [11]. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http:// creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated. Intestinal disorders represented a large proportion of abdominal emergencies in bovine practice, and their definite diagnosis was a big challenge. The study described different intestinal disorders in cattle either in the small intestine (SI) or large intestine with their sequelae and peritonitis between SI loops
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