Differential Binding of Poly(ADP-Ribose) Polymerase-1 and JunD/Fra2 Accounts for RANKL-Induced Tcirg1 Gene Expression During Osteoclastogenesis

Abstract

We studied Tcirg1 gene expression on RANKL-induced osteoclastic differentiation of the mouse model RAW264.7 cells. We identified a mechanism involving PARP-1 inhibition release and JunD/Fra-2 binding, which is responsible for Tcirg1 gene upregulation. The Tcirg1 gene encodes the a3 isoform of the V-ATPase a subunit, which plays a critical role in the resorption activity of the osteoclast. Using serial deletion constructs of the Tcirg1 gene promoter, we performed a transcriptional study to identify factor(s) involved in the regulation of the RANKL-induced gene expression. The promoter activity of serial-deletion fragments of the Tcirg1 gene promoter was monitored throughout the RAW264.7 cells differentiation process. We next performed sequence analysis, EMSA, UV cross-linking, qPCR, and gel supershift experiments to identify the factor(s) interacting with the promoter. A deletion of the -1297-1244 region led to the disappearance of the RANKL-induced promoter activity. EMSA experiments showed the binding of two factors that undergo differential binding on RANKL treatment. Supershift experiments led us to identify the dimer JunD/Fra-2 as the binding activity associated with the -1297/-1268 Tcirg1 gene promoter sequence in response to RANKL. Moreover, we observed poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1) binding to an adjacent site (-1270/-1256), and this interaction was disrupted after RANKL treatment. We provide data that identify junD proto-oncogene (JunD) and Fos-related antigen 2 (Fra-2) as the activator protein-1 (AP-1) factors responsible for the RANKL-induced upregulation of the mouse Tcirg1 gene expression. Moreover, we identified another binding site for PARP-1 that might account for the repression of Tcirg1 gene expression in pre-osteoclastic cells.