Abstract
IntroductionTraditional herbal medicine (THM) contains a vast number of natural compounds with varying degrees of pharmacological activity. To elucidate the mode of action, comprehensive metabolite profiling in the plasma before and after administration of THM is essential.ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to explore and identify/annotate converted metabolites after administration of THM in humans.MethodsWe performed untargeted metabolome analysis of human plasma collected before and after administration of maoto (ma-huang-tang), a traditional Japanese Kampo medicine. Maoto-derived metabolites were then selected and annotated following the DAC-Met strategy, which is an annotation method that uses mass differences of major metabolic reactions among the detected peaks and a differential network analysis.ResultsAbout 80% of maoto-derived components were found to be converted forms. Following DAC-Met, the structures of 15 previously unidentified metabolites were determined, and five of these were later confirmed with authentic standards. Using published literature, we also reconstructed the metabolic pathway of maoto components in humans. A kinetic time-course analysis revealed their diverse kinetic profiles.ConclusionThe results demonstrated that time-resolved comprehensive metabolite profiling in plasma using the DAC-Met strategy is highly useful for elucidating the complex nature of THM.
Highlights
Traditional herbal medicine (THM) contains a vast number of natural compounds with varying degrees of pharmacological activity
We present a new strategy, DAC-Met, to explore THM-derived metabolites in plasma using high-resolution mass spectrometry
We characterized maoto-derived conjugation products based on their mass difference, stable isotopic peaks, and mass chromatograms acquired with tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) from among the detected peaks, and we identified previously unknown derivatives
Summary
Traditional herbal medicine (THM) contains a vast number of natural compounds with varying degrees of pharmacological activity. To elucidate the mode of action, comprehensive metabolite profiling in the plasma before and after administration of THM is essential. Methods We performed untargeted metabolome analysis of human plasma collected before and after administration of maoto (ma-huang-tang), a traditional Japanese Kampo medicine. Conclusion The results demonstrated that time-resolved comprehensive metabolite profiling in plasma using the DAC-Met strategy is highly useful for elucidating the complex nature of THM. Natural compounds have received considerable attention as potential drug leads in pharmaceutical development They represent a diverse and biologically active group of chemicals (Harvey et al 2015), some of which could be highly promising as new drug candidates. 63 Page 2 of 12 countries such as China, Korea, and Indonesia Elucidating their mode of action contributes to the wider application of THMs and to novel therapies for the treatment of unmet medical needs
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