Abstract
ObjectiveMacrophages are the infiltrate components of tuberculous pleural effusion (TPE). This study is aimed at examining the role of different subsets of macrophages in pleural fluid (PF) and peripheral blood (PB) from patients with new onset TPE.MethodsThe numbers of PB and PF CD163+, CD206+ and CD115+ macrophages in 25 patients with new onset TPE and 17 healthy controls (HC) were determined by flow cytometry. The concentrations of serum and PF cytokines were determined by cytometric bead array (CBA) and enzyme-linked immunosorbentassay (ELISA). The potential association between the numbers of different subsets of macrophages and the values of clinical measures in TPE patients were analyzed.ResultsThe numbers of PB CD14+CD163− M1-like and CD14+CD163− interleukin (IL)-12+ M1 macrophages were significantly higher than that in the HC, but lower than PF, and the numbers of PF CD14+CD163+, CD14+CD163+CD206+, CD14+CD163+CDll5+ M2-like, and CD14+CD163+IL-10+ M2 macrophages were less than PB in the TPE patients. The levels of serum IL-1, IL-6, IL-8, IL-12, tumor growth factor (TGF)-β1, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α in the TPE patients were significantly higher than that in the HC, but lower than that in the PF. The levels of PF IL-10 were significantly higher than that in the PB of patients and HC. In addition, the levels of serum IL-12 and TNF-α were correlated positively with the values of erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and the numbers of ESAT-6- and culture filtrate protein 10 (CFP-10)-specific IFN-γ-secreting T cells, and the levels of PF TNF-α were correlated positively with the levels of PF adenosine deaminase (ADA) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in those patients.ConclusionOur data indicate that Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tb) infection induces M1 predominant pro-inflammatory responses, contributing to the development of TPE in humans.
Highlights
Tuberculous pleural effusion (TPE), a form of extra-pulmonary tuberculosis (EPTB), occurs in approximately 5% of patients with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tb) infection [1,2,3]
We examined the numbers of peripheral blood (PB) and pleural fluid (PF) monocytes/macrophages in patients with new onset TPE, and we analyzed the potential association of the numbers of different subsets of monocytes/macrophages with the values of laboratory measures in the TPE patients
There was no significant difference in the distribution of age and gender between the patients and healthy controls (HC)
Summary
Tuberculous pleural effusion (TPE), a form of extra-pulmonary tuberculosis (EPTB), occurs in approximately 5% of patients with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tb) infection [1,2,3]. Increased evidence indicates that following infection, M. tb induces innate immune responses [4,5,6]. Macrophages, as a type of antigenpresenting cells (APC) in the innate immune system, can efficiently present antigen to T cells in tissue, which results in T cell activation [7,8]. Macrophages are infiltrating components in the pleural fluid (PF) of TPE patients. Little is known about whether the numbers of macrophages in the PF are similar to that in the peripheral blood (PB) of patients with new onset TPE and how they are different from that in healthy controls (HC).
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