Different Regions, Different Conceptualizations of Learner Agency: A Qualitative Content Analysis of Early Childhood Curricular Documents in British Columbia(Canada), New York(U.S.), and South Korea

Background and aims: Paramedics attend an unprecedented number of drug poisoning events daily in British Columbia (BC), Canada, due to the ongoing public health crisis related to an increasingly toxic and unregulated street supply of illicit drugs. Paramedics have the potential to support alternative models of care to reduce harm, but their perspectives toward harm reduction initiatives are polarized. Understanding the drug-related substance use content in paramedic curriculum documents is important for deploying effective harm-mitigating programs. The aim of this study was to determine how illicit drug-related substance curriculum prepares paramedics for practice in British Columbia.Methods: We performed a document analysis of curriculum documents in BC’s paramedic training institutions, the primary program textbook, and the 2011 National Occupational Competency Profile (NOCP) for Paramedics in Canada. We used O’Leary’s eight-step process to guide the planning and procedure of the analysis. We analyzed and coded documents both inductively and deductively and subsequently combined, refined, and used the codes to inform the development of themes via reflexive thematic analysis. The Checklist for Assessment and Reporting of Document Analysis (CARDA) tool was used to report our analysis.Results: Of the 45 documents analyzed, 23 included codes relevant to the research questions. Paramedics are primarily taught to care for people who use drugs in an acute drug poisoning response only, with little consideration of holistic care and no meaningful mention of harm reduction. Some stigmatizing language was found within the content.Conclusions: Many opportunities to introduce holistic models of care for people who use drugs along the entire continuum of care are unaddressed by paramedic curriculum documents in BC. Curriculum developers should include people who have lived and living experience of drug use in the co-design of educational programs involving their care. Further qualitative analyses are required to evaluate the relationship between paramedic education and provider-based stigma.

This study provides an in-depth analysis of Colombia’s migration policy regarding Venezuelan migration between 2014 and 2024. Epistemologically, it adheres to the interpretive paradigm. Data were analyzed from a qualitative and quantitative perspective. The strategy employed was a documentary analysis, examining theoretical sources, primary regulations, and relevant background information to understand the reality studied and the objective at hand. Mixed techniques were used, resulting in documentary content analysis with thematic systematization to obtain a comprehensive overview of the implemented policies and their impact. The results and conclusions revealed that, between 2014 and 2024, Colombia experienced a drastic change in its migration policies in response to the massive influx of Venezuelan migrants. Over the course of this decade, the country went from having just 23,573 Venezuelan migrants in 2014 to hosting nearly 2.87 million in 2023, becoming the main recipient of this national diaspora in the region. The most frequently used migration route by Venezuelan migrants was Táchira-Norte de Santander. This evolution, characterized by a humanitarian approach, involved challenges in its implementation, as it has required innovative and coordinated policy responses, both at the national and regional levels, to manage the migration crisis and guarantee basic rights to migrants, which translates into a cumulative process of institutional learning.

Our content analysis of newspaper and television news stories in South Korea examines the quantity and nature of news about novel heated tobacco products (HTPs), which heat instead of burn tobacco and that manufacturers claim are less harmful than cigarettes. The amount of news coverage peaked when the government introduced new regulations, suggesting that HTP news was driven largely by new policies. Indeed, HTPs were more likely to be presented as a policy rather than a health issue. When it comes to news sources, government agencies and HTP manufacturers were referenced most often in the news. As for benefits of HTPs, news stories focused on reduced harm, greater social acceptability, and convenience, while discussions of drawbacks included potentially being equally or more harmful than cigarettes, the possibility of extensive future regulations, and HTPs’ unknown health effects. Findings suggested that certain journalistic practices, such as relying heavily on established routine sources, focusing on the stories that could attract large audiences, and representing the perspectives of the publishers and the primary audiences, might have affected the nature of HTP discourse.

Cardiac calendar—2003 to 2005

The objective of this research is: 1) To explore the implementation process of business based on syaria development at Islamic Boarding School Azkal Azkia Liddarain NW; 2) To analyze the impact of the business based on syaria model on the community welfare around Islamic Boarding School Azkal Azkia Liddarain NW; and 3) To assess the contribution of business based on syaria to economic profit and social development at Islamic Boarding School Azkal Azkia Liddarain NW. The research method used a mixed-methods approach, combining qualitative and quantitative aspects. Through this mixed-methods approach, several data collection techniques were applied, including Interviews, Surveys, Case Studies, Financial Analysis, Focus Group Discussions (FGD), and Document Content Analysis. Data analysis techniques involved an integrated approach that combined qualitative and quantitative analysis methods. 1) Qualitative Analysis, including: a) Interviews, b) Focus Group Discussions, and c) Document Content Analysis. 2) Quantitative Analysis, including: a) Surveys, and b) Financial Analysis. 3) Integration and Conclusion Drawing, including: a) Comparing Qualitative and Quantitative Data, and b) Drawing Conclusions and Recommendations. The results show that 1) The process of developing business based on syaria at Islamic Boarding School Azkal Azkia Liddarain NW has successfully achieved common profit between the pesantren and the community. The implementation of business based on syaria business based on syaria mechanisms, support from economic and social factors, and the positive impact on community welfare are integral components in achieving sustainable business goals; 2) The implementation of the business based on syaria model at Islamic Boarding School Azkal Azkia Liddarain NW has a positive impact on the welfare of the surrounding community. In addition to improving the economic aspect, this business model also plays a role in empowering the economy and social development of the community. This conclusion indicates that business based on syaria can be an effective instrument in enhancing holistic community welfare; and 3) Business based on syaria at Islamic Boarding School Azkal Azkia Liddarain NW makes a positive contribution to the improvement of economic profit and social development in the surrounding community. The application of Sharia principles in business activities brings broader positive impacts, creating an inclusive and sustainable environment for the Islamic boarding schools and the local community. This conclusion emphasizes the importance of business based on syaria in empowering the economy and promoting social development at the local level.

BackgroundThere has been considerable interest in normative ethics regarding how and when coercive care can be justified. However, only a few empirical studies consider how professionals reason about ethical aspects when assessing the need for coercive care for adults, and even less concerning children and adolescents. The aim of this study was to examine and describe how professionals document their value arguments when considering the need for coercive psychiatric care of young people.MethodsAll 16 clinics that admitted children or adolescents to coercive care during one year in Sweden were included in the study. These clinics had a total of 155 admissions of 142 patients over one year. Qualitative content analysis with a deductive approach was used to find different forms of justification for coercive care that was documented in the medical records, including Care Certificates.ResultsThe analysis of medical records revealed two main arguments used to justify coercive care in child and adolescent psychiatry: 1) the protection argument - the patients needed protection, mainly from themselves, and 2) the treatment requirement argument - coercive care was a necessary measure for administering treatment to the patient. Other arguments, namely the caregiver support argument, the clarification argument and the solidarity argument, were used primarily to support the two main arguments. These supportive arguments were mostly used when describing the current situation, not in the explicit argumentation for coercive care. The need for treatment was often only implicitly clarified and the type of care the patient needed was not specified. Few value arguments were used in the decision for coercive care; instead physicians often used their authority to convince others that treatment was necessary.ConclusionsOne clinical implication of the study is that decisions about the use of coercive care should have a much stronger emphasis on ethical aspects. There is a need for an ethical legitimacy founded upon explicit ethical reasoning and after communication with the patient and family, which should be documented together with the decision to use coercive care.

Forestry remains one of the most hazardous industries, with significant risks of injuries and fatalities. This study compared the safety perceptions of forestry workers in British Columbia, Canada, and South Korea, two regions that practice sustainable forest management but differ in timber production methods and safety management experiences. The aim was to explore opportunities for region-specific safety management improvements in this critical sector. A total of 158 responses were analyzed, with 64 from British Columbia and 94 from South Korea. Participants rated their safety perceptions on a 5-point Likert scale, and an independent samples t-test assessed statistical differences. Both groups prioritized personal and coworker safety, valuing a safety-first culture over strict regulatory compliance. South Korean respondents preferred online training methods, while British Columbia respondents favored practical, on-site support. Both groups recognized the importance of mandatory certification for tree fallers, with British Columbia respondents additionally supporting regular refresher training. While British Columbia respondents prioritized expanding heavy machinery use to reduce accidents, South Korean respondents emphasized broader investments in safety measures. Both groups also favored incentive-based safety programs over penalties. Based on these insights, this study proposes region-specific strategies using the 4E framework. This study identified similarities and differences in forestry workers’ perceptions based on regional forestry conditions and proposed effective, tailored safety management strategies for each region accordingly.

An instrument should have been developed to measure participation as one possible criterion to evaluate inclusion of elderly people with intellectual disability. The ICF was utilized, because participation is one part of health related functioning, respectively disability. Furthermore ICF includes environmental factors (contextual factors) and attaches them an essentially influence on health related functioning, in particular on participation. Thus ICF Checklist additionally identifies environmental barriers for elimination. A linking process with VINELAND-II yielded 138 ICF items for the Checklist. The sample consists of 50 persons with a light or moderate intellectual disability. Two-thirds are female and the average age is 68. They were directly asked about their perceived quality of life. Additionally, proxy interviews were carried out with responsible staff members concerning necessary support and behavioral deviances. The ICF Checklist was administered twice, once (t2) the current staff member should rate health related functioning at the given time and in addition, a staff member who knows the person at least 10 years before (t1) should rate the former functioning. Content validity was investigated with factor analysis and criterion validity with correlational analysis related to supports need, behavioral deviances and perceived quality of life. Quantitative analysis was validated by qualitative content analysis of patient documentation. Factor analysis shows logical variable clusters across the extracted factors but neither interpretable factors. The Checklist is reliable, valid related to the chosen criterions and shows the expected age-related shifts. Qualitative analysis corresponds with quantitative data. ICF Checklist is appropriate to manage and evaluate patient-centered care.

Medication adherence challenges among patients experiencing homelessness in a behavioral health clinic.

ABSTRACTBackgroundTrials are often poorly designed, address unimportant questions, or are conducted in ways that limit their usefulness. This contributes to research waste and undermines evidence‐based healthcare. We examined whether guidance from funders, regulators, and ethics review bodies supports the planning and approval of informative trials, with a focus on resources available to investigators and the role of oversight organizations.MethodsWe conducted a directed qualitative content analysis of guidance documents from funders, regulators, and ethics review bodies across 13 countries and three multinational organizations. Documents were analysed using a coding framework based on the five conditions for trial informativeness identified by Zarin and colleagues: Importance, Design, Feasibility, Integrity, and Reporting.ResultsThe final content analysis contains 37 guiding documents, including 13 documents from funders, 14 from regulators, and 10 addressing the ethics of trials. While contextual examples varied, many of the recommended processes or actions to improve trial informativeness were consistent across global guidance from funders, regulators, and those with ethical oversight. The aspects of Design and Integrity were particularly well represented, whereas guidance on improving Feasibility was limited.ConclusionThe five key aspects of trial informativeness were reasonably described in some capacity across all forms of guidance, but may benefit from further examples or elaboration. Further research is needed to explore how trial guidelines and other supporting documents might incorporate more flexible, context‐sensitive approaches that reduce bureaucratic burden without compromising ethical and scientific rigour.

This paper analyses the potential influence of the selected, South African online newspapers on the discourse of alternative workplace arrangements during the Covid-19 era. A content analysis of online newspapers’ coverage of the pertinent workplace requisites of performance during the Covid-19 pandemic enlightens the complex dichotomy of a traditional office workplace against work from home and a hybrid work model. The essence of anticipatory corporate leadership is that personnel behavior has to adapt to the changing work situation. This paper hypothesis that the framing of ideas by South African newspapers promotes perceptions and particular interpretations of the prevailing workplace environment during the two years of the Covid-19 period in South Africa. The research uses qualitative content analysis, which is the written texts, and quantitative methods of content analysis of newspapers by conducting a hypothesis test and independent group ANOVA test. That provides perspectives of choices and reasons for or against the distinct workplace situation. The results show that the newspaper reports focused more on the “Work from Home” practice. The newspapers’ perspective on the “Work from Home” culture may heighten the anticipatory strategies of corporate leaders in their pursuit to sustain high work performance. The circulation level of selected online newspapers in South Africa influences the research findings.

British Columbia’s harmonization of its sales tax with the federal goods and services tax (GST) will result in a giant leap in the province’s competitiveness, both domestically and internationally. By 2020, the combined effect of federal and provincial corporate tax cuts and sales tax harmonization is expected to increase the province’s capital stock by more than $14.4 billion and add 141,000 new jobs. Sales tax harmonization alone will account for an increase of $11.5 billion in capital investment and a net increase of 113,000 jobs by the end of the coming decade. British Columbia’s tax reform, especially its adoption of the harmonized sales tax, also will reduce the marginal effective tax rate (METR) on capital for all industrial sectors and all sizes of businesses. Even though selected exemptions were provided to relieve some capital goods from the existing retail sales tax, sales tax harmonization will remove most taxes on capital purchases after July 1, 2010. Sales tax harmonization will reduce the METR on capital for large and medium-sized companies from 29.5% in 2009 to 21.6% in 2010, while additional corporate tax reductions will further reduce the METR to 20.5% in 2010 and to 17.9% by 2018. For small businesses, the METR will decline sharply from 24.7% in 2009 to 11.5% in 2010, primarily due to sales tax harmonization. With the reduction of the small business tax rate to zero in 2012, the METR on small business investment will decline further to 9.9%. By 2018, British Columbia’s METR on capital will be internationally competitive — lower than the current rate in Australia, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, South Korea, the United Kingdom, and the United States, about the same as in New Zealand, and only slightly above that in the Netherlands and China. It will also be lower than in all other provinces — notably including Alberta — except Newfoundland and Labrador, Nova Scotia, and New Brunswick, which have already harmonized their sales taxes with the federal GST.

IDF21-0214 COVID-19 & Diabetes in Canada: Two Global Pandemics Colliding & An Opportunity For Optimizing Data-Driven Diabetes Care Delivery & Outcomes in British Columbia (BC)

본 연구는 남 · 북한 유아교육과정을 비교 분석하여 통일대비 유아교육과정의 방향성 정립과 통합을 위한 시사점을 제시하는데 그 목적이 있다. 남 · 북한 유아교육과정 비교는 4가지 비교준거, 즉 유아교육목표, 유아교육과정 영역 및 일과 운영, 교수 · 학습방법, 평가의 측면에서 이루어졌다. 연구결과 남 · 북한 교육이념의 차이로 인해 다양한 영역에서 유사점보다는 차이점을 보였으며, 통일대비 유아교육과정 정립을 위해 다음과 같은 시사점을 도출하였다. 첫째, 남 · 북한 유아교육과정에서의 통합을 이루기 위해서는 교육의 고유한 기능과 목적을 반영한 새로운 교육이념 정립이 필요하다. 둘째, 남 · 북한 유아교육과정 영역 및 일과운영 비교에서 가장 차이를 보인 영역은 정치사상교육으로, 통일 후 정치사상교육을 통해 공고히 형성된 북한의 정치사상의식을 극복할 방안이 마련되어야 할 것이다. 셋째, 통일대비 남 · 북한 유아교육과정의 통합을 위해서는 유아교육과정에명시된 유아교육관련 용어정리 및 표준화작업이 이루어져야 할 것이다. 결론적으로 통일대비 남 · 북한 유아교육과정 비교에서 유사점을 보이는 영역부터 점진적인 통합을 시도하는 것이 필요하며, 남 · 북한 간 상호교류를 통해 이질성 극복을 위한 노력이 지속적으로 이루어져야 할 것이다.This study was conducted to compare and analyze the curriculum of early childhood education in South Korea and North Korea in order to establish the direction of early childhood curriculum. Based on this, the purpose of the study is to propose educational alternatives for possible integration. The comparison of North and South Korean early childhood education curriculum was conducted in terms of educational goals, early childhood curriculum area and daily management, teaching and learning methods, and assesment. As a result of the study, there were more differences found than similarities in various areas due to differences in the educational philosophy between South and North Korea, and the following implications were drawn. First, in order to integrate North and South Korea’s early childhood curriculum, a new educational ideology that reflects the unique function and purpose of education should be established first, and specific curriculum and contents should be developed accordingly. Second, the most significant difference in the content and operation of North and South Korean early childhood education curriculum is political ideology education, which is the most important content of the North Korean early childhood education course. Third, in order to integrate the South and North Korea early childhood education curriculum in preparation for unification, it is necessary to organize and standardize the terms related to early childhood education in order to unify them. In order to do this, it is necessary to try to integrate them gradually starting from areas showing similarities, and to endeavor to overcome discrepancies through mutual exchange between South and North Korea.

This chapter explores the coincidence between public attitudes towards poverty and public discourse revealed by survey evidence, content analysis of newspapers, and analysis of policy rhetoric. Surveys indicate overwhelming support for the work ethic and a tendency to see poverty as an appropriate reward for idleness. These values are explicitly reflected in the framing of anti-poverty policy in Britain and South Korea, in the underlying assumptions and policy structures that prioritize work incentives in China, Norway, and India, and in terms of policy neglect in Pakistan and Uganda. However, the tenor of public debate and the language used in public discourse varies markedly, as does the part played by journalism in the dynamic between politics and public opinion. Popular negative frames of thinking are reinforced by public discourse in Britain and Uganda, shaped by the print media and political rhetoric. This is not so in China, India, or Norway.