Abstract
BackgroundWhile a dose-response relationship between physical activity and risk of diabetes has been demonstrated, few studies have assessed the relative importance of different measures of physical activity on diabetes risk. The aim was to examine the association between different self-reported measures of physical activity and risk of type 2 diabetes in a prospective cohort study.MethodsOut of 26,615 adults (45–74 years, 60% women) in the population-based Swedish Malmö Diet and Cancer Study cohort, 3791 type 2 diabetes cases were identified from registers during 17 years of follow-up. Leisure-time (17 activities), occupational and domestic physical activity were assessed through a questionnaire, and these and total physical activity were investigated in relation to type 2 diabetes risk.ResultsAll physical activity measures showed weak to modest associations with type 2 diabetes risk. The strongest association was found in the lower end of leisure-time physical activity in dose-response analysis at levels approximately below 22 MET-hrs/week (300 min/week) representing around 40% of the population. Compared with the lowest quintile, the moderate leisure-time physical activity category had a 28% (95% CI: 0.71, 0.87) decreased risk of type 2 diabetes. Total physical activity showed a similar, but weaker, association with diabetes risk as to that of leisure-time physical activity. Domestic physical activity was positively and linearly related to diabetes risk, HR = 1.11 (95% CI: 0.99, 1.25) comparing highest to lowest quintile. There was no association between occupational physical activity and diabetes risk.ConclusionA curvilinear association was observed between leisure-time physical activity and risk of diabetes. Beyond a threshold level of approximately 22 MET-hrs/week or 300 min/week, no additional risk reduction was observed with increase in physical activity.
Highlights
While a dose-response relationship between physical activity and risk of diabetes has been demonstrated, few studies have assessed the relative importance of different measures of physical activity on diabetes risk
The aim was to demonstrate the use of different self-reported measures of the main physical activity domains and their association with the risk of Type 2 diabetes (T2D) in the Malmö Diet and Cancer Study (MDCS) cohort
Total physical activity level (PAL) was highly correlated with occupational physical activity (r = 0.85); occupational physical activity was weakly negatively correlated with leisure-time physical activity (r = − 0.06) and domestic physical activity (r = − 0.19) (Supplemental Table 2)
Summary
While a dose-response relationship between physical activity and risk of diabetes has been demonstrated, few studies have assessed the relative importance of different measures of physical activity on diabetes risk. Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a chronic and complex metabolic disease characterized mainly by a relative insulin resistance or inadequate secretion Uncontrolled, it is associated with high morbidity and mortality worldwide. While the dose-response relationship between physical activity and risk of diabetes and other diseases has been demonstrated, there is paucity of literature where different measures of assessing physical activity have been applied to the same population. The aim was to demonstrate the use of different self-reported measures of the main physical activity domains and their association with the risk of T2D in the Malmö Diet and Cancer Study (MDCS) cohort
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