Abstract
Introduction: The research focuses on the clinical study of cerebral angioarchitectonics and microcirculation disorders in the development of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) in comparison with other neurodegenerative and ischemic lesions. Materials and methods: 1117 patients with different types and stages of neurodegenerative and ischemic lesions were examined, 93 of whom (8.33%) had different stages of AD—Test Group; 1024 (91.67%) had cerebral atherosclerosis, Binswanger disease (BD), vascular Parkinsonism (VP)—Control Group. The examination included definition of CDR, MMSE, cerebral CT, MRI, cerebral sciagraphy (SG), rheoencephalography (REG), morphometric detection of AD stages with TDR, and cerebral multi-gated angiography (MUGA). Results: In all patients with AD, regardless of the disease stage, specific сerebral small vessel disease (CSVD), manifested by dyscirculatory angiopathy of Alzheimer’s type (DAAT), was detected in the temporal and fronto-parietal areas. Conclusions: DAAT is an AD-specific lesion of cerebral microvessels that changes hemodynamics, causes cerebral hypoxia, and contributes to impaired amyloid beta metabolism. The combination of deposition of amyloid beta in the cerebral tissue and vascular wall, as well as specific disorders of microcirculation, cause neurodegeneration and AD development. Patients with other neurodegenerative and ischemic lesions had no DAAT manifestations.
Highlights
The research focuses on the clinical study of cerebral angioarchitectonics and microcirculation disorders in the development of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) in comparison with other neurodegenerative and ischemic lesions
In accordance with CT and MRI data, we identified specific, morphometrically validated, atrophic changes in the hippocampus and temporal lobes corresponding to different AD stages with a certain level of dementia
Each of these patients had direct relatives suffering from AD (Figure 1(A)), (Table 1); at the time of this research, 26 (27.96%) patients had early AD stage Tomography Dementia Rating scale (TDR)-1 corresponding to mild dementia
Summary
The research focuses on the clinical study of cerebral angioarchitectonics and microcirculation disorders in the development of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) in comparison with other neurodegenerative and ischemic lesions. The most common of them are atherosclero sclerosis of the brain, Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Binswanger’s disease (BD), and Parkinsonism All these diseases lead to the progression of dementia and cognitive disorders and are accompanied by the development of cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) [2] [3] [4]. This condition is caused by the peculiarity of the microcirculation in the brain, since there are about 3 - 4 thousand capillaries in one cubic centimeter of the cerebral tissue. With such a high demand for blood supply, disorders in hemoperfusion and hemodynamics cause or contribute to the development of neurodegenerative processes [5]
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