Abstract
Chronic neuroinflammation is a common feature of the aged brain, and its association with the major neurodegenerative changes involved in cognitive impairment and motor dysfunction is well established. One of the most potent antiaging interventions tested so far is dietary restriction (DR), which extends the lifespan in various organisms. Microglia and astrocytes are two major types of glial cells involved in the regulation of neuroinflammation. Accumulating evidence suggests that the age-related proinflammatory activation of astrocytes and microglia is attenuated under DR. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying DR-mediated regulation of neuroinflammation are not well understood. Here, we review the current understanding of the effects of DR on neuroinflammation and suggest an underlying mechanistic link between DR and neuroinflammation that may provide novel insights into the role of DR in aging and age-associated brain disorders.
Highlights
Aging is a naturally occurring multifactorial process that leads to morbidity and mortality
These findings indicate that the mechanism underlying dietary restriction (DR)-mediated antiaging may be evolutionally conserved from worms to mammals, possibly including humans
We review the evidence that DR has an anti-neuroinflammatory effect and suggest an underlying mechanistic link between DR and neuroinflammation that may provide novel insights into the role of DR in aging and age-associated brain disorders
Summary
Aging is a naturally occurring multifactorial process that leads to morbidity and mortality. The effects of DR on longevity and brain function in nonhuman primates and human beings are still controversial [5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12], a recent report from the CALERIE (Comprehensive Assessment of Long-term Effects of Reducing Intake of Energy) trial noted that two-year-long DR in healthy, nonobese human subjects caused weight loss and reduction in energy expenditure and oxidative stress [13] These findings indicate that the mechanism underlying DR-mediated antiaging may be evolutionally conserved from worms to mammals, possibly including humans. We review the evidence that DR has an anti-neuroinflammatory effect and suggest an underlying mechanistic link between DR and neuroinflammation that may provide novel insights into the role of DR in aging and age-associated brain disorders
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