Abstract
Global prevalence of obesity has increased to epidemic proportions over the past 40 years, with childhood obesity reaching alarming rates. In this study, we determined changes in liver and adipose tissue transcriptomes of a porcine model for prepubertal early obesity induced by a high-calorie diet and supplemented with bioactive ingredients. A total of 43 nine-weeks-old animals distributed in four pens were fed with four different dietary treatments for 10 weeks: a conventional diet; a western-type diet; and a western-type diet with Bifidobacterium breve and rice hydrolysate, either adding or not omega-3 fatty acids. Animals fed a western-type diet increased body weight and total fat content and exhibited elevated serum concentrations of cholesterol, whereas animals supplemented with bioactive ingredients showed lower body weight gain and tended to accumulate less fat. An RNA-seq experiment was performed with a total of 20 animals (five per group). Differential expression analyses revealed an increase in lipogenesis, cholesterogenesis and inflammatory processes in animals on the western-type diet while the supplementation with bioactive ingredients induced fatty acid oxidation and cholesterol catabolism, and decreased adipogenesis and inflammation. These results reveal molecular mechanisms underlying the beneficial effects of bioactive ingredient supplementation in an obese pig model.
Highlights
Global prevalence of obesity has increased to epidemic proportions over the past 40 years, with childhood obesity reaching alarming rates
The development of effective strategies to prevent childhood obesity and its comorbidities requires a better understanding of this condition
The research of transcript-based biomarkers represents a powerful tool in the identification of mechanisms of relevance in the control of obesity[21,22,23] and the impact exercised by different treatments
Summary
Global prevalence of obesity has increased to epidemic proportions over the past 40 years, with childhood obesity reaching alarming rates. Rice proteins and their hydrolysates added to high fat and/or high cholesterol diets have shown to have anti-obesity and hypocholesterolemic effects through the effective modulation of cholesterol and triglyceride metabolism, and the activity of hepatic genes related to lipid metabolism[7,8] Overall, these experimental evidences reinforce the relevance of using bioactive dietetic supplements to prevent and treat obesity. We studied the transcriptomic changes in relevant metabolic tissues derived from both feeding a high calorie diet and supplementing with bioactive ingredients, including Bifidobacterium breve, rice hydrolysate, and n-3 PUFA, in piglets of this porcine model of prepubertal early obesity. The final aim was to determine the molecular mechanisms and biological processes underlying the beneficial effects of bioactive ingredient supplementation in a porcine model for childhood obesity
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