Dietary inflammatory index and blood inflammatory markers in relation to dyslipidemia: A cross-sectional NHANES study (2009-2018).

Inflammation is known as an important mechanism of cognitive dysfunction. Systemic immune inflammation index (SII) and system inflammation response index (SIRI) are two blood inflammatory markers, which are related to many chronic diseases including cognitive impairment. It is recognized that dietary inflammatory index (DII), which is used to estimate the overall inflammatory potential of diet, may be related to mild cognitive impairment (MCI) as well. This study aimed to explore the relationship between SII, SIRI and DII, as well as the role of these inflammatory indexes on MCI in elderly people. A total of 1050 participants from Beijing were included. Neuropsychological tests were used for cognitive evaluation. Energy-adjusted DII scores were calculated based on semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. Blood samples were tested for calculating SII and SIRI. Log-binomial regression models were used to estimate the correlation of indexes. After adjusting demographic characteristics, SII and SIRI in MCI individuals were higher than controls (p ≤ 0.001). DII, SII and SIRI had positive relationship with MoCA scores (p < 0.005). DII also correlated with SIRI in MCI (β = 0.11, p = 0.031). Higher DII and SIRI could definitely increase the risk of MCI, as well as DII and SII (p < 0.005). In conclusion, DII was positively correlated with blood inflammation. The elderly with higher level of DII and SIRI, or DII and SII could be considered as people with higher risk of developing MCI.

Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) and alcohol-associated metabolic dysfunction-associated liver disease (MetALD) are significant public health concerns, with diet playing a pivotal role in their pathogenesis. Aims: Using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2007-2018. This study investigates the associations of the dietary index for gut microbiota (DI-GM), dietary inflammatory index (DII), and their combined effects with MASLD/MetALD, while exploring the mediating roles of inflammation and metabolic dysfunction. Data from the 2007 to 2018 NHANES included 9,529 participants. DI-GM and DII were calculated using 24-hour dietary recalls. Inflammatory and metabolic biomarkers-including triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index, metabolic score (MS), C-reactive protein (CRP), systemic immune inflammation index (SII), and systemic inflammatory response index (SIRI)-were analyzed. Multivariable logistic and linear regression, subgroup analyses, and restricted cubic spline (RCS) models assessed associations and dose-response relationships. Mediation analysis evaluated the roles of inflammatory and metabolic markers. Higher DI-GM scores were significantly associated with reduced MASLD (OR = 0.59, 95% CI: 0.46-0.75) and MetALD (OR = 0.57, 95% CI: 0.46-0.70). Conversely, higher DII scores were positively associated with MASLD (OR = 1.57, 95% CI: 1.23-2.01) and MetALD (OR = 1.40, 95% CI: 1.13-1.75). DI-GM was inversely associated with inflammation and metabolic markers (TyG: β= -0.05, MS: β= -0.11, CRP: β= -0.12, SII: β= -0.08, SIRI: β= -0.09), while DII exacerbated these markers (TyG: β= 0.06, MS: β= 0.18, CRP: β=0.14, SII: β= 0.11, SIRI: β= 0.10). The combined effects of DI-GM and DII further demonstrated that a gut microbiota-healthy and anti-inflammatory diet synergistically reduced MASLD (OR = 0.59, 95% CI: 0.43-0.81) and MetALD risks (OR = 0.58, 95% CI: 0.44-0.76). Mediation analysis confirmed that inflammation and metabolism significantly mediated the diet-disease associations (p < 0.05). Higher DI-GM and lower DII are associated with reduced MASLD/MetALD risks, partially mediated by alleviating systemic inflammation and metabolic dysfunction. These findings highlight dietary interventions targeting gut microbiota and inflammation as strategies for early prevention of MASLD and MetALD.

Higher Dietary Inflammatory Index and Systemic Immune-Inflammation Index Score are Associated With Higher Risk of Chronic Kidney Disease: Analysis of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey From 1999 to 2018

Previous research has linked systemic inflammatory markers and the Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII) with depression. However, the relationship between DII and these markers, and their impact on mortality risk among depressed adults, remains underexplored. This study aims to explore the association between DII and systemic inflammatory markers and their mediating effect on mortality risk in adults with depression. This study analyzed data from 4,981 adults with depression in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). This study quantified dietary inflammatory potential with the DII and systemic inflammation with the Systemic Immune-Inflammation Index (SII) and Systemic Inflammation Response Index (SIRI). Cox proportional hazards regression and inverse probability weighting evaluated the impact of DII, SII, and SIRI on mortality risk in depressed adults, as well as their mediating effects. Multiple linear regression analyzed the associations between DII and SII/SIRI. Restricted cubic spline analysis explored the non-linear relationship between DII and mortality risk. In adjusted regression models, DII, SII, and SIRI were significantly associated with all-cause mortality risk in depressed adults, with hazard ratios (HRs) (95% CIs) from 1.333 to 1.497 (1.051-1.233, 1.689-1.832). DII was linearly related to SII, with βs (95% CIs) from 0.001 to 0.121 (0.001-0.017, 0.001-0.224). SII significantly mediated the DII-mortality risk link, especially in males (8.07%). The DII-mortality relationship was linear (P non-linear = 0.174), with a beneficial threshold at 1.62. DII and SII are associated with increased all-cause mortality risk in depressed adults. The DII-related mortality risk in depression can be partially mediated by SII, with a more pronounced effect in males.

Dietary fiber intake and rheumatoid arthritis among U.S. adults: Evidence from a cross-sectional analysis of NHANES with inflammatory markers as mediators.

The role of dietary and blood inflammation on the relation of diabetes and cognition in Chinese elderly people

PurposeThe aim of this study was to explore the relationship between non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and the two blood inflammatory markers including the systemic immune-inflammation (SII) index, and the system inflammation response index (SIRI). MethodsThe National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data between the year of 2017–2018 was used for this cross-sectional study. In order to analyze the association of SII index, and SIRI and risk of NAFLD, we used multivariable logistic regression models, restricted cubic spline (RCS) plot, and subgroup analysis to analyze the data. ResultsIn total, there were 1,199 individuals who participated in the survey. As shown by the RCS plot, SII index, and SIRI were linked with NAFLD risk in a U-shaped pattern. With regard to known confounding variables, when comparing the lowest quartile, the odds ratio with 95 % confidence interval for prevalence of NAFLD across the quartiles of SII index and SIRI were (0.89 (0.57, 1.41), 0.56 (0.35, 0.89) and 1.01 (0.64, 1.59)), and (0.77 (0.48, 1.23), 0.79 (0.50, 1.24) and 0.94 (0.60, 1.47)), respectively. Additionally, SII index, and SIRI and NAFLD risk also were U-curve correlated among the participants in age ≥60 years, female, without hypertension, and BMI of ≥30 kg/m2. ConclusionsThere was a U-shaped association of SII index and SIRI with prevalence of NAFLD, indicating that SII index and SIRI should be monitored dynamically.

BackgroundHepatic fibrosis and the fatty liver index (FLI) are critical indicators for assessing the progression and severity of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) and serve as valuable reference markers for predicting MASLD-related risks. The Dietary Inflammation Index (DII) quantifies the inflammatory effects of dietary intake and has been extensively utilized in nutritional and epidemiological studies. Although studies have been conducted to confirm the correlation between dietary quality and MASLD in the general population, this study sought to further explore the association between the DII and key indicators of liver disease severity—namely hepatic fibrosis and the FLI—within a cohort diagnosed with MASLD. In addition, the potential mediating role of the systemic immune inflammatory index (SII) in these associations was also investigated.MethodsThis cross-sectional study was based on data from the 2017–2020 cycles of the U.S. National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), a nationally representative program designed to assess the health and nutritional status of the population. In this study, we analyzed the correlation of DII with FLI and liver fibrosis in a population of patients with MASLD by linear regression, logistic regression, RCS curves and subgroup analysis. A mediation model was applied to assess the potential intermediary effect of SII on the associations between DII, FLI, and hepatic fibrosis.ResultsThe results of this study indicate that, after adjusting for all covariates, the Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII) was not significantly associated with the Fatty Liver Index (FLI) among U.S. adults with MASLD (β = 0.32, 95% CI: −1.393 to 2.034, P = 0.631). Similarly, no significant association was observed between DII and the risk of liver fibrosis (OR = 1.152, 95% CI: 0.885 to 1.499, P = 0.210). Subgroup analyses further demonstrated that these associations were not modified by demographic or metabolic stratification variables, and the relationship appeared to be nonlinear.ConclusionIn U.S. adults with MASLD, no significant association was found between DII and the risk of liver fibrosis or elevated FLI. Although DII is linked to various chronic diseases, its role in MASLD appears limited and non-specific, particularly in capturing intermittent disease progression. No mediating effect of SII was observed. These findings underscore the importance of carefully considering dietary factors in the clinical evaluation of MASLD progression. The potential relationship between diet and liver disease progression warrants further investigation.

This study aimed to investigate the independent and joint association of dietary quality and dietary inflammatory potential with four inflammatory markers among U.S. adults and to analyze the moderating role of age. This study included 19,110 participants from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES, 2009-2018). Dietary quality and dietary inflammatory potential were assessed using the Healthy Eating Index-2015 (HEI-2015) and the Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII), respectively, and thus classified into four dietary patterns. Inflammatory markers included white blood cell (WBC), neutrophil (Neu), neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), and systemic immune-inflammation index (SII). Weighted multiple linear regression and weighted quantile sum (WQS) regression were employed to analyze the relationships between HEI-2015/DII and inflammatory markers. Joint effect and interaction analyses were conducted to explore the impacts of different dietary patterns and age. HEI-2015 showed significant inverse associations with WBC, Neu, NLR, and SII, whereas DII exhibited significant positive associations with these markers. WQS analysis revealed that adequacy components in HEI-2015 such as seafood and plant proteins, and whole grains contributed most to reduced inflammation. In contrast, fiber, alcohol, and energy intake were the primary contributors to inflammatory markers in DII. Joint effect analysis demonstrated that compared to pattern 1, pattern 4 significantly reduced WBC, Neu, NLR, and SII levels. However, no significant reduction was observed in pattern 3. Additionally, age significantly strengthened the inverse associations between HEI-2015 and WBC/Neu, while weakening the positive associations between DII and SII. Improving dietary quality and reducing dietary inflammatory potential may help lower inflammatory biomarker levels, with age playing a critical moderating role. High-quality diets can counteract the adverse effects of pro-inflammatory diets, whereas solely anti-inflammatory diets cannot compensate for the detrimental effects of low-quality diets. The combined effect of both approaches may further enhance anti-inflammatory outcomes.

Dietary inflammatory index scores are associated with blood inflammatory markers in healthy Koreans: Data from the Health Examinee Cohort (2012–2014)

Systemic inflammation mediates the association between dietary inflammation index and incident anxiety and depression in UK Biobank.

Antioxidant and inflammatory potential of diet is associated with risk of asthma-chronic obstructive pulmonary disease overlap: Findings from NHANES (2003-2018).

This study aimed to examine the association of the systemic immune-inflammation index (SII) with stroke and mortality rates using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). A cross-sectional study was conducted using the aggregated data from 5 cycles (2009 to 2018) of NHANES. SII was the independent variable, and stroke was the dependent variable. Weighted logistic regression models were employed to analyze their relationship. The nonlinear association between SII and stroke was examined using the restricted cubic spline (RCS) method in subgroups stratified by smoking status, hypertension, and dietary inflammatory index. Weighted Kaplan-Meier curves and Cox regression analysis were used to investigate the association of SII with all-cause mortality and cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality. A total of 22,107 samples were included in this study. Weighted logistic regression analysis showed a significant correlation between SII and stroke (OR: 1.53, 95% CI: 1.22-1.92, P <0.001). The stratified analysis revealed that interactions of smoking status and hypertension with SII, respectively, had significant impacts on stroke risk. A remarkable positive link between SII and stroke risk (OR>1, P <0.05) was observed in the crude model (unadjusted for confounding factors), model I (adjusted for demographic characteristics), and model II (adjusted for all confounding factors). RCS analysis displayed a remarkable nonlinear positive correlation between SII and stroke risk only in the "now smoking" population ( P -nonlinear<0.05) after adjusting for all confounding factors. In the overall sample population, Kaplan-Meier curves indicated that individuals in the highest quartile of SII had the highest risk of all-cause mortality and CVD mortality (log-rank test P <0.05). Samples with proinflammatory dietary habits had considerably higher risks of all-cause mortality and CVD mortality compared with those with anti-inflammatory dietary habits (log-rank test P <0.05). Multivariable-adjusted Cox regression models showed significantly increased all-cause mortality and CVD mortality rates in the highest quartile of SII compared with the lowest quartile. SII levels were considerably positively linked to stroke risk, particularly in the "now smoking" population. Moreover, elevated SII levels increased the risk of all-cause mortality and CVD mortality in the overall population. On the basis of these findings, we recommend incorporating smoking cessation measures into stroke risk reduction strategies.

Higher dietary inflammation potential and certain dietary patterns are associated with polycystic ovary syndrome risk in China: A case-control study

Synovial inflammation is the main reason for joint damage in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Diet is recognized as one of the therapeutic strategies to control the inflammatory activity in RA. However, few studies have investigated the association between diet and immune-inflammatory biomarkers in RA patients. Our study aims to examine the correlation between dietary inflammatory potential and systemic immune-inflammation Index (SII), neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), and lymphocyte-monocyte ratio (LMR) in the RA population. The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) was the data source utilized in this study, spanning from 1999 to 2018. The study encompassed 2,500 RA participants in total. The dietary inflammatory potential was calculated by the dietary inflammation index (DII) score based on dietary recall interviews. The generalized multiple linear regression analyses were used to evaluate the relationship between DII and immune-inflammatory markers. Furthermore, subgroup analyses and restricted cubic spline models were performed. After full adjustments, there were significant positive correlations between DII levels and SII/NLR in RA patients (SII, β: 14.82, 95% CI: 5.14-24.50, p = 0.003; NLR, β: 0.04, 95% CI: 0.01-0.08, p = 0.005). It was noteworthy that inconsistent results were observed in the association between DII and SII as well as NLR in subgroups of red blood cell levels (Interaction p-value <0.001). Pro-inflammatory dietary status in the RA population is significantly positively correlated with SII and NLR, influenced by variations in red blood cell levels.