Abstract
The temperature sensor presented in this paper is based on a microwave dielectric resonator, which uses alumina ceramic as a substrate to survive in harsh environments. The resonant frequency of the resonator is determined by the relative permittivity of the alumina ceramic, which monotonically changes with temperature. A rectangular aperture etched on the surface of the resonator works as both an incentive and a coupling device. A broadband slot antenna fed by a coplanar waveguide is utilized as an interrogation antenna to wirelessly detect the sensor signal using a radio-frequency backscattering technique. Theoretical analysis, software simulation, and experiments verified the feasibility of this temperature-sensing system. The sensor was tested in a metal-enclosed environment, which severely interferes with the extraction of the sensor signal. Therefore, frequency-domain compensation was introduced to filter the background noise and improve the signal-to-noise ratio of the sensor signal. The extracted peak frequency was found to monotonically shift from 2.441 to 2.291 GHz when the temperature was varied from 27 to 800 °C, leading to an average absolute sensitivity of 0.19 MHz/°C.
Highlights
Instrumentation is a key generic technology in the gas turbine industry that influences the development cost, efficiency, and competitiveness of gas turbine products
The resonant frequencyAofdielectrically-loaded the resonator is determined the relative permittivity alumina ceramicinwhen mode is employed this the cylindricalby resonator working in the TMof010the dimensions of the resonator are fixed, and it monotonically changes with increasing temperature study owing to its stability and simplicity, as well as its concentrated area of electric fields
[15]: permittivity of the alumina ceramic resonant frequency frequency ofƒrthe is determined by theasrelative when the dimensions of the resonator are fixed, and it monotonically changes with increasing c temperature [14]
Summary
Instrumentation is a key generic technology in the gas turbine industry that influences the development cost, efficiency, and competitiveness of gas turbine products. The demand for greater efficiency is steadily increasing the temperature and pressure in engines [1,2,3]. The gas turbine output power is increased by 10%, and the efficiency is increased by 1% for every 55.5 ◦ C increase in temperature. The European Virtual Institute for Gas Turbine Instrumentation identified three areas where the lack of adequate instrumentation capability is perceived to be either holding back gas turbine engine development or leading to increased uncertainty in design methods and component life prediction [4]: measurement of gas temperature, pressure, flow, and blade tip clearances at very high temperatures (>1000 ◦ C); measurement of component temperatures in the hottest parts of the engine; and measurement of component vibration on very hot components.
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