Abstract
We studied the polarization and the conduction of Li 2 B 4 O 7 single crystals in the [001] direction prepared from Li 2 CO 3 and B 2 O 3 mixed powder and observed that shapes of the P – E hysteresis loop and the J – E curve changed at different frequencies. We believe that this phenomena was caused by a nonlinear polarization innate in the crystal rather than by a static remnant polarization or a spontaneous polarization. We successfully reproduced the above phenomena by using an equivalent circuit consisting of a nonlinear capacitor and a nonlinear resistor in a parallel connection. Our model was also confirmed by an ac impedance measurement. The observed nonlinearities seem to originate both from a disordered sublattice of mobile ions and from a hindered motion of ions due to microcracks produced by an imperfect crystallization. We observed changes in the amplitude of hysteresis loops over time, which were presumed to be due to mobile charge creation in a high electric field.
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