Abstract
Examples, counterexamples, clarifying remarks, and developmental background are presented in relation to the following new statement of the second law: As a result of an irreversible (or reversible) process, a system will always have a larger (or same) final internal energy than (or as) the initial if (i) the system is adiabatic, (ii) the process returns all the generalized displacements to their initial values, (iii) the system exhibits one temperature whenever in equilibrium, and (iv) the process connects equilibrium end states.
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