Dictatorship across Borders: Brazil, Chile, and the South American Cold War. By Mila Burns. Chapel Hill: The University of North Carolina Press, 2025. Pp. 258. $99.00 cloth; $29.95 paperback; $23.99 eBook.

Meeting the Challenge from Totalitarianism: The Tennessee Valley Authority as a Global Model for Liberal Development, 1933–1945

Journal Article A Documentary History of Education in the South Before 1860. In five volumes. Edited by Edgar W. Knight. Volume II, Toward Educational Independence. (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press. 1950. Pp, ix, 603. $12.50.) and A History of Education in Georgia. By Dorothy Orr. (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press. 1950. Pp. xiv, 463. $6.00.) Get access A Documentary History of Education in the South Before 1860. In five volumes. Edited by Knight Edgar W.. Volume II, Toward Educational Independence. (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press. 1950. Pp. ix, 603. $12.50.) A History of Education in Georgia. By Orr Dorothy. (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press. 1950. Pp. xiv, 463. $6.00.) S. Willis Rudy S. Willis Rudy Harvard University Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The American Historical Review, Volume 56, Issue 1, October 1950, Pages 141–142, https://doi.org/10.1086/ahr/56.1.141 Published: 01 October 1950

Click to increase image sizeClick to decrease image size Notes 1. Alan Taylor. The Civil War of 1812: American Citizens, British Subjects, Irish Rebels, and Indian Allies. New York: Random House, 2010. 2. Charles Carter to Landon Carter, 1 Jan. 1764, Carter Family Papers 1659–1795, microfilm edition published by University of Virginia. 3. See for example Charles Royster, “‘The Nature of Treason': Revolutionary Virtue and American Reactions to Benedict Arnold,” William and Mary Quarterly, 3d ser., 36 (Apr. 1979), 163–193 and A Revolutionary People at War: The Continental Army and American Character, 1775–1783. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press for the Institute of Early American History and Culture, Williamsburg, Va., 1979. 4. Albert H. Tillson Jr. Accommodating Revolutions: Virginia's Northern Neck in an Era of Transformations, 1760–1810. Charlottesville: University of Virginia Press, 2010. Cf., Rhys Isaac. The Transformation of Virginia, 1740–1790. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press for the Institute of Early American History and Culture, Williamsburg, Va., 1982; Woody Holton. Forced Founders: Indians, Debtors, Slaves, and the Making of the American Revolution in Virginia. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press for the Omohundro Institute of Early American History and Culture, Williamsburg, Va., 1982; Michael A. McDonnell. The Politics of War: Race, Class, and Conflict in Revolutionary Virginia. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press for the Omohundro Institute of Early American History and Culture, Williamsburg, Va., 2007. 5. Sarah Knott. Sensibility and the American Revolution. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press for the Omohundro Institute of Early American History and Culture, Williamsburg Va., 2009; Nicole Eustace. Passion is the Gale: Emotion, Power and the Coming of the American Revolution. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press for the Omohundro Institute of Early American History and Culture, Williamsburg Va., 2008.

Reviews of Books

Reviews of Books

Book Reviews

This essay reviews the following works:Revolutionaries for the Right: Anticommunist Internationalism and Paramilitary Warfare in the Cold War. By Kyle Burke. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2018. Pp. ix + 351. $35.95 paperback, $19.99 eBook. ISBN: 9781469666204.Moral Majorities across the Americas: Brazil, the United States, and the Creation of the Religious Right. By Benjamin A. Cowan. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2021. Pp. x + 294. $29.95 paperback, $95.00 hardcover, $24.99 eBook. ISBN: 9781469552077.Who Killed Berta Cáceres? Dams, Death Squads, and an Indigenous Defender’s Battle for the Planet. By Nina Lakhani. London: Verso, 2020. Pp. 328. $26.95 hardcover with free eBook. ISBN: 9781788733069.The Condor Trials: Transnational Repression and Human Rights in South America. By Francesca Lessa. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2022. Pp. xvi + 375. $65.00 hardcover. ISBN: 9780300254099.La derecha mexicana en el siglo XX: Agonía, transformación y supervivencia. By Xóchitl Patricia Campos López and Diego Martín Velázquez Caballero. Puebla: Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Montiel y Soriano Editores, 2017. Pp. 254 paperback. ISBN: 9786077512776.How Political Parties Mobilize Religion: Lessons from Mexico and Turkey. By Luis Felipe Mantilla. Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 2021. Pp. viii + 265. $34.95 paperback, $110.50 hardcover, $34.95 e-book. ISBN: 9781439920169.There Are No Dead Here: A Story of Murder and Denial in Colombia. By Maria McFarland Sánchez-Moreno. New York: Hachette Book Group, 2018. Pp. 327. $28.00 hardcover. ISBN: 9781568585796.Organized Violence: Capitalist Warfare in Latin America. By Dawn Paley and Simon Granovsky-Larsen. Regina, Saskatchewan, Canada: University of Regina Press, 2019. Pp. x + 284. $34.95 paperback. ISBN: 9780889776104.

AMERICAN NIGHT: THE LITERARY LEFT IN THE ERA OF THE COLD WAR. By Alan M. Wald. Chapel Hill: U of North Carolina Press, 2012. viii + 412 pp. $45.In his autobiography, A Long View from Left: Memoirs of an American Revolutionary (Boston: Houghton, 1973), Al Richmond warned reader that interspersed within personal narrative were three essays that deal with American radicalism in a wider, historical context. Richmond argued that he needed essays make American Communist experience comprehensible and credible to those not directly involved in and penetrate inordinate obsession and mystification that shroud communism in United States (vii). What Richmond did on individual level, Alan M. Wald has done for several generations of writers who were pulled to left. And no one has taken a longer view of American letters from left, scholarly or otherwise, than Wald. American Night is last volume of a trilogy that began with Exiles from a Future Time: The Forging of Mid-Twentieth-Century Literary Left (Chapel Hill: U of North Carolina P, 2002) and continued with Trinity of Passion: The Literary Left and Antifascist Crusade (Chapel Hill: U of North Carolina P, 2007). Wald resembles Richmond in how he constructs his story. He alternates wider discussion of historical context with biographical information, including oral history, to create what he calls a humanscape (Exiles 6), with aim of his project being present literary and biographical material in a manner that affords fresh angles and issues in particular figures and writings, while remaining faithful to an overall chronological sequence of events (Trinity xv). constructing this humanscape, and by focusing on careers and works of less well-known writers, Wald, like Richmond, wants to look at larger issues through the tangible form in men and women who continue quest and struggle (Long View viii). Wald, these tangible men and women appear in all their complexity and variations.Wald was probably not thinking consciously of Al Richmond when he set out to write an account of American literary left, but he certainly intended to engage with Daniel Aaron's Writers on Left: Episodes in American Literary Communism (1961). As Wald himself wrote in 2002, In forty years since publication of Writers on Left, no other scholarly book on Communist cultural movement has brought as many writers to life (Exiles 4). Aaron concentrated on a core of what he saw as major players (e.g., Max Eastman, Floyd Dell, Joseph Freeman, and Mike Gold), so his account does not do justice to cultural work of women, African Americans, or gay and lesbian authors. Wald has offered an incredible kaleidoscope of characters, and in American Night he offers, in addition to an insightful chapter on women and African American writers, one of best discussions of gay leftists, homintern, that I have seen. Aaron centered his story on New York and changing of party policy. Wald's account rejects a geographical focus and even a thematic focus. But what makes Wald's trilogy new standard history of left in American letters is that he has absorbed all of scholarship in forty years since Writers on Left appeared, which includes a great deal of recent and good studies of individual authors or groups. Wald's long view of left includes, as incredible as it sounds, reading everything by his authors, talking to as many of them as he could find, and then analyzing everything that was written about them. As someone who works in this field, I must admit that it is a daunting task to ponder having to follow Wald.American Night picks up story as World War II and fight against fascism ends. The antifascist cultural front had brought together groups and writers in a common cause evolving from rise of Hitler and Spanish Civil War, but coalitions were challenged when Cold War made Soviet Union not an ally but a foe. …

AMERICAN NIGHT: THE LITERARY LEFT IN THE ERA OF THE COLD WAR. By Alan M. Wald. Chapel Hill: U of North Carolina Press, 2012. viii + 412 pp. $45.In his autobiography, A Long View from the Left: Memoirs of an American Revolutionary (Boston: Houghton, 1973), Al Richmond warned the reader that interspersed within the personal narrative were three essays that deal with American radicalism in a wider, historical context. Richmond argued that he needed the essays "to make the American Communist experience comprehensible and credible to those not directly involved in it" and "to penetrate the inordinate obsession and mystification that shroud communism in the United States" (vii). What Richmond did on the individual level, Alan M. Wald has done for several generations of writers who were pulled to the left. And no one has taken a longer view of American letters from the left, scholarly or otherwise, than Wald. American Night is the last volume of a trilogy that began with Exiles from a Future Time: The Forging of the Mid-Twentieth-Century Literary Left (Chapel Hill: U of North Carolina P, 2002) and continued with Trinity of Passion: The Literary Left and the Antifascist Crusade (Chapel Hill: U of North Carolina P, 2007). Wald resembles Richmond in how he constructs his story. He alternates wider discussion of the historical context with biographical information, including oral history, to create what he calls a "humanscape" (Exiles 6), with the aim of his project being "to present the literary and biographical material in a manner that affords fresh angles and issues in particular figures and writings, while remaining faithful to an overall chronological sequence of events" (Trinity xv). In constructing this humanscape, and by focusing on the careers and works of less well-known writers, Wald, like Richmond, wants to look at the larger issues through "the tangible form in men and women who continue the quest and struggle" (Long View viii). In Wald, these tangible men and women appear in all their complexity and variations.Wald was probably not thinking consciously of Al Richmond when he set out to write an account of the American literary left, but he certainly intended to engage with Daniel Aaron's Writers on the Left: Episodes in American Literary Communism (1961). As Wald himself wrote in 2002, "In the forty years since the publication of Writers on the Left, no other scholarly book on the Communist cultural movement has brought as many writers to life" (Exiles 4). Aaron concentrated on a core of what he saw as major players (e.g., Max Eastman, Floyd Dell, Joseph Freeman, and Mike Gold), so his account does not do justice to the cultural work of women, African Americans, or gay and lesbian authors. Wald has offered an incredible kaleidoscope of characters, and in American Night he offers, in addition to an insightful chapter on women and African American writers, one of the best discussions of gay leftists, the "homintern," that I have seen. Aaron centered his story on New York and the changing of party policy. Wald's account rejects a geographical focus and even a thematic focus. But what makes Wald's trilogy the new standard history of the left in American letters is that he has absorbed all of the scholarship in the forty years since Writers on the Left appeared, which includes a great deal of recent and good studies of individual authors or groups. Wald's long view of the left includes, as incredible as it sounds, reading everything by his authors, talking to as many of them as he could find, and then analyzing everything that was written about them. As someone who works in this field, I must admit that it is a daunting task to ponder having to follow Wald.American Night picks up the story as World War II and the fight against fascism ends. The antifascist cultural front had brought together groups and writers in a common cause evolving from the rise of Hitler and the Spanish Civil War, but the coalitions were challenged when the Cold War made the Soviet Union not an ally but a foe. …

Book Reviews

John Fousek. To Lead the Free World: American Nationalism and the Cultural Roots of the Cold War. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press. 2000. Pp. xiv, 253. Cloth $49.95, paper $18.95 and Christian G. Appy, editor. Cold War Constructions: The Political Culture of United States Imperialism, 1945–1966. (Culture, Politics, and the Cold War.) Amherst: University of Massachusetts Press, 2000. Pp. ix, 340. Cloth $60.00, paper $18.95 Get access Fousek John. To Lead the Free World: American Nationalism and the Cultural Roots of the Cold War. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press. 2000. Pp. xiv, 253. Cloth $49.95, paper $18.95. Appy Christian G., editor. Cold War Constructions: The Political Culture of United States Imperialism, 1945–1966. (Culture, Politics, and the Cold War.) Amherst: University of Massachusetts Press, 2000. Pp. ix, 340. Cloth $60.00, paper $18.95. Jessica C. E. Gienow-Hecht Jessica C. E. Gienow-Hecht Harvard University and Martin Luther University, Halle, Wittenberg Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The American Historical Review, Volume 106, Issue 2, April 2001, Pages 598–599, https://doi.org/10.1086/ahr/106.2.598 Published: 01 April 2001

For the Soul of Mankind: The United States, the Soviet Union, and the Cold War. By Melvyn P. Leffler. New York: Hill and Wang, 2007. xvii, 608 pp. Notes. Bibliography. Index. Illustrations. Maps. $35.00, hard bound. - A Failed Empire: The Soviet Union in the Cold War from Stalin to Gorbachev. By Vladislav M. Zubok. The New Cold War History. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2007. xiii, 488 pp. Notes. Bibliography. Index. Illustrations. $39.95, hard bound. - Volume 67 Issue 3

Few aspects of American history have gone through as rapid a transformation as Native American history during the past generation. In the not too distant past scholars, including many anthropologists, wrote accounts of particular Indian ‘tribes’. Many of these works, which were often quite sympathetic to their subject, concentrated on politics and wars. Beginning in the late 1960s, historians, anthropologists, and those calling themselves ‘ethnohistorians’ began to bring new perspectives to the subject. To date, many of the most important studies focus on the period before 1850. Taken together, these works testify to the fundamental importance of understanding the histories of indigenous peoples in the Americas. In recent years, scholarship about Native Americans has boomed. The cluster of six articles here suggests the range of work being done in the field. Nicholas Rosenthal provides an overview of some of the major developments and Joshua Piker offers a penetrating view of the concept of race and how it has shaped our understanding of Native peoples in early America. Ruth Spack’s short essay on American Indian schooling reveals a shift in the history of education based on the incorporation of indigenous perspectives. Tyler Boulware investigates the notion of national identity and its application for Native peoples. Dixie Ray Haggard’s perceptive piece offers nothing less than a major revision of scholars’ understanding of the Yamasee War of the 1710s, an event that played a pivotal role in the southeast during the eighteenth century. Finally, Steven Hackel and Anne Reid reveal the benefits of electronic publication. Their essay on the Early California Population Project provides insight into a major database housed at the Huntington Library in San Marino, California, a project now available to scholars that will revolutionize our understanding the period from the 1760s to the midnineteenth century. The full cluster is made up of the following articles:

What Fresh Hell Is This?Revisiting Reconstruction Mark Wahlgren Summers (bio) Mark L. Bradley , Bluecoats & Tar Heels: Soldiers and Civilians in Reconstruction North Carolina (Lexington: University Press of Kentucky, 2009. Pp. xi, 370. $25.00 paper) Judkin Browning , Shifting Loyalties: The Union Occupation of Eastern North Carolina (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2011. Pp. xiii, 250. $37.50 cloth) Paul A. Cimbala and Randall M. Miller, eds., The Great Task Remaining Before Us: Reconstruction as America's Continuing Civil War (New York: Fordham University Press, 2010. Pp. xv, 268. $35.00 cloth) Gregory P. Downs , Declarations of Dependence: The Long Reconstruction of Popular Politics in the South, 1861-1908 (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2011. Pp. 346. $39.95 cloth) Philip Dray , Capitol Men: The Epic Story of Reconstruction through the Lives of the First Black Congressmen (Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company, 2008. Pp. xiii, 463. $15.95 paper) Gary Gallagher , The Union War (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 2011. Pp. 215. $27.95 cloth) [End Page 559] Benjamin Ginsberg , Moses of South Carolina: A Jewish Scalawag during Radical Reconstruction (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2010. Pp. xi, 219. $21.95 cloth) Suzanne Stone Johnson and Robert Allison Johnson, eds., Bitter Freedom: William Stone's Record of Service in the Freedmen's Bureau (Columbia, S. C.: University of South Carolina Press, 2008. Pp. 177. $29.95 cloth) Chandra Manning , What This Cruel War Was Over: Soldiers, Slavery, and the Civil War (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 2007 Pp. v, 350. $16.95 paper) James Marten , Sing Not War: The Lives of Union and Confederate Veterans in Gilded Age America (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2011. Pp. xii, 339. $39.95 cloth) Kate Masur , An Example for All the Land: Emancipation and the Struggle for Equality in Washington, D.C. (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2010. Pp. x, 364. $39.95 cloth) Jerry L. West , The Bloody South Carolina Election of 1876: Wade Hampton III, the Red Shirt Campaign for Governor, and the End of Reconstruction (Jefferson, N.C.: McFarland & Company, 2011. Pp. 216. $35.00 paper) To paraphrase Mr. Lincoln, writers must love Reconstruction—they make so many of them. Once the poor stepchild of Civil War histories, Reconstruction studies have become something of a growth industry with popular accounts of massacres and injustices, promises unfulfilled, and possibilities denied. In the last decade, there have been at least two books about the Colfax massacre, several more about the months at the end of the war, a lively potboiler about the president's impeachment, and three studies of the "stolen election" [End Page 560] of 1876. A very clever, challenging monograph by Gregory P. Downs uses Reconstruction as the starting point for his discovery that emancipation and the desolating need bred by devastating war created a new kind of politics, one based on those with power dispensing personal favors: contracts, jobs, services—and this "patronalism," as Downs calls it, created constituencies that saw government as their likeliest hope and the men in power as their personal friends. By his alchemy, the begging letters that every politician, north and south, saw, before and after the war, turn into one of the proofs of a very different statism, fostered by a government endowed with new and burgeoning responsibilities. There are even two books about "the great task remaining before us," one of them with that very title and the other actually showing what it may be. New scholarship explores the feminine side of Reconstruction, traces it outside of the reconstructed states into Kentucky and the District of Columbia, follows it down to the crossroads, and chases it all the way through to century's end and beyond. No reviewer could do justice to the scholarship; this one will do as little justice as it possibly can. Publishing markets love a ripping story, and for those who write with sales in mind, Reconstruction provides blood-and-thunder stories, free from the dangers of too many notes or too-complicated thought. That does not make them untrue. Some of them make terrific reads. All they need are antidotes or, perhaps, sedatives, to be administered with them to let...

The Democratic Republicans of New York: The Origins, 1763–1797. By Alfred F. Young. (Chapel Hill: Institute of Early American History and Culture at Williamsburg, Virginia, by The University of North Carolina Press, 1967. Pp. xv, 636. $12.25.) - New Jersey's Jeffersonian Republicans: The Genesis of an Early Party Machine. By Carl F. Prince. (Chapel Hill: Institute of Early American History and Culture at Williamsburg, Virginia, by The University of North Carolina Press, 1967. Pp. xvi, 266. $7.50.) - Volume 62 Issue 2