Dialogic Scaffolding: How to Design Critical Questions in Developing Students Algebraic Reasoning?

AimDeveloping a theory explaining how public health nurses accomplish and adapt counselling in lifestyle habits to decrease obesity in people with mobility disability.DesignEmpirical research ‐ qualitative.MethodClassic grounded theory with face‐to‐face interviews, 2017–2018, using inductive approach to understand public health nurses' intervening experiences with obesity patients.ResultsTo initiate the conversation emerged as the main concern meaning having difficulties initiating conversations about obesity with patients. Public health nurses’ facilitators to communicate lifestyle changes emerged as the pattern generating the theory, which consists of the categories; person‐centeredness in the situation, experience and knowledge, strengthening conditions, access to other professionals and prioritization in everyday work.ConclusionsPublic health nurses hesitate to raise topics of obesity in patients with mobility disability. They advocate increased integration with lifestyle changes in everyday work including multi‐professional cooperation. The implication is testing the emerged theory at primary health care centres.ImpactObesity is more common in people with mobility disability than in those without. There is a need to understand how public health nurses adapt counselling in lifestyle habits. Public health nurses hesitate to talk about obesity with patients in fear of offending anyone. Public health nurses did not distinguish between patients with or without mobility disability. Several facilitators could be helpful initiating conversation with the patients. Public health nurses need more time and resources to facilitate conversation with patients with mobility disability to counsel lifestyle changes.

Algebraic reasoning is a process in which student generalize mathematical ideas from a set of particular instances, establish those generalizations through the discourse of argumentation, and express them in increasingly formal and age-appropriate ways. This is descriptive qualitative research. The primary interest was to explore pre-service teacher’ thinking that might be foundational to algebraic reasoning and to describe their thinking barriers in solving an algebraic problem. There are twelve pre-service teachers who have participated in this study. The task was designed and given to all participants. Documents were the subjects’ test results and unstructured interview transcripts. The results showed that the subjects had difficulties in generalizing and connecting mathematical patterns. Based on the subject’s difficulties, we concluded that the subjects have barriers that include confirmation bias, mental set, functional fixedness, and unnecessary constraints. The intensity of each barrier will be discussed further in this article.

The Indonesian curriculum emphasizes tailored learning based on students' developmental stages and achievement levels, focusing on cognitive development, particularly in algebraic reasoning, which is very important for students' overall cognitive maturation. This study aimed to determine the effect of the implementation of the learning model and students' cognitive stage on algebraic reasoning ability. The study was conducted using quantitative research with a post-test design to achieve the research objective. Two classes were taken as samples from one of the high schools in West Bandung Regency. The instruments used were the Test of Logical Thinking (TOLT) to categorize students into students' cognitive stage groups and algebraic reasoning test instruments to determine the achievement of algebraic reasoning ability. Data analysis was done using statistical tests, including a normality test, homogeneity test, and two-way ANOVA test. The results are: there is an effect of implementing the Means-End Analysis (MEA) learning model supported by Kotobee on algebraic reasoning; there is an effect of students' cognitive stage on algebraic reasoning; and there is no interaction effect of students' cognitive stage and implementation learning model on algebraic reasoning ability. Further research on other mathematical skills using the Kotobee-based MEA learning model is needed.

Algebra is one of the essential branches of mathematics that often presents challenges for students, especially when faced with inverse function problems. This study aims to describe algebraic reasoning in solving inverse function problems from the perspective of students' mathematical resilience. This qualitative research uses a case study design involving 33 eleventh-grade students from a public high school in West Bandung Regency. The instruments used were a mathematical resilience scale and an algebraic reasoning test. Data analysis was conducted through data reduction, presentation, and conclusion drawing. The results showed that 15.15% of students had low resilience, 72.72% had moderate resilience, and 12.12% had high resilience. There were different characteristics in algebraic reasoning among students in these resilience categories. The implications indicate that targeted learning strategies can enhance algebraic reasoning, especially for moderate and low-resilience students.

Aim: The purpose of the current research is to design lovemaking patterns of the elderly living in Tehran city using the contextual theory, which is also called foundation data theory. Method: This research is applied in terms of purpose and qualitative in terms of execution method. The statistical population of the research consists of seniors 65 years old and older living in Tehran. The sampling method was purposeful and 20 tons were selected based on theoretical saturation. The data collection tool was a semi-structured interview, and data analysis was done in three stages of open, central, and selective coding. Results: Based on data analysis, 344 primary concepts (open codes), 103 central codes and 18 selective codes were identified. The results obtained from the analysis of qualitative interviews showed that causal factors from 4 main categories, 36 sub-categories and 137 primary codes; contextual factors of 2 main categories, 15 subcategories, and 50 primary codes; Intervening factors: 2 main categories, 7 subcategories and 23 primary codes; The strategies consist of 3 main categories, 19 sub-categories and 49 primary codes, and finally, the consequences of 7 main categories, 26 sub-categories and 85 primary codes. Conclusion: In total, seven paradigmatic models of love such as social love, maternal love, love at first sight, marital love, companionate and friendly love, love for God, and needy love were identified among the elderly living in Tehran.

This study aims to analyze the effect of the store image of an ornamental fish shop which consists of merchandise variables, shop location, employee services, and prices on consumer purchasing decisions. The sample in this study were 105 respondents who were willing and willing to take the time to fill out a questionnaire that was taken using purposive and convience sampling methods. Data collection using a questionnaire. Data analysis was performed by multiple linear regression with SPSS 17.00 software. The results of this study indicate that merchandise has an effect on consumer purchasing decisions with a significance value of 0.002, while the t table is 3.260, so the value of t count is greater than the t table. Store location does not have a significant effect on purchasing decisions at the Bintang Aquarium Solo Shop, as evidenced by a significance value of 0.551 while t count 0.598, the t value is smaller than the t table value. Employee service is not significant towards consumer purchasing decisions at Bintang Aquarium Solo Shop, as evidenced by the t value of 1.450 while the significance value is 0.150, so the value of t count is smaller than t table. Price affects consumer purchasing decisions at the Bintang Aquarium Solo shop, as evidenced by the t value of 2,400, while the significance value is 0.018, so the value of t is greater than the value of t table.
 This study aims to analyze the effect of the store image of an ornamental fish shop which consists of merchandise variables, shop location, employee services, and prices on consumer purchasing decisions. The sample in this study were 105 respondents who were willing and willing to take the time to fill out a questionnaire that was taken using purposive and convience sampling methods. Data collection using a questionnaire. Data analysis was performed by multiple linear regression with SPSS 17.00 software. The results of this study indicate that merchandise has an effect on consumer purchasing decisions with a significance value of 0.002, while the t table is 3.260, so the value of t count is greater than the t table. Store location does not have a significant effect on purchasing decisions at the Bintang Aquarium Solo Shop, as evidenced by a significance value of 0.551 while t count 0.598, the t value is smaller than the t table value. Employee service is not significant towards consumer purchasing decisions at Bintang Aquarium Solo Shop, as evidenced by the t value of 1.450 while the significance value is 0.150, so the value of t count is smaller than t table. Price affects consumer purchasing decisions at the Bintang Aquarium Solo shop, as evidenced by the t value of 2,400, while the significance value is 0.018, so the value of t is greater than the value of t table.
 This study aims to analyze the effect of the store image of an ornamental fish shop which consists of merchandise variables, shop location, employee services, and prices on consumer purchasing decisions. The sample in this study were 105 respondents who were willing and willing to take the time to fill out a questionnaire that was taken using purposive and convience sampling methods. Data collection using a questionnaire. Data analysis was performed by multiple linear regression with SPSS 17.00 software. The results of this study indicate that merchandise has an effect on consumer purchasing decisions with a significance value of 0.002, while the t table is 3.260, so the value of t count is greater than the t table. Store location does not have a significant effect on purchasing decisions at the Bintang Aquarium Solo Shop, as evidenced by a significance value of 0.551 while t count 0.598, the t value is smaller than the t table value. Employee service is not significant towards consumer purchasing decisions at Bintang Aquarium Solo Shop, as evidenced by the t value of 1.450 while the significance value is 0.150, so the value of t count is smaller than t table. Price affects consumer purchasing decisions at the Bintang Aquarium Solo shop, as evidenced by the t value of 2,400, while the significance value is 0.018, so the value of t is greater than the value of t table.
 This study aims to analyze the effect of the store image of an ornamental fish shop which consists of merchandise variables, shop location, employee services, and prices on consumer purchasing decisions. The sample in this study were 105 respondents who were willing and willing to take the time to fill out a questionnaire that was taken using purposive and convience sampling methods. Data collection using a questionnaire. Data analysis was performed by multiple linear regression with SPSS 17.00 software. The results of this study indicate that merchandise has an effect on consumer purchasing decisions with a significance value of 0.002, while the t table is 3.260, so the value of t count is greater than the t table. Store location does not have a significant effect on purchasing decisions at the Bintang Aquarium Solo Shop, as evidenced by a significance value of 0.551 while t count 0.598, the t value is smaller than the t table value. Employee service is not significant towards consumer purchasing decisions at Bintang Aquarium Solo Shop, as evidenced by the t value of 1.450 while the significance value is 0.150, so the value of t count is smaller than t table. Price affects consumer purchasing decisions at the Bintang Aquarium Solo shop, as evidenced by the t value of 2,400, while the significance value is 0.018, so the value of t is greater than the value of t table.
 
 This study aims to analyze the effect of the store image of an ornamental fish shop which consists of merchandise variables, shop location, employee services, and prices on consumer purchasing decisions. The sample in this study were 105 respondents who were willing and willing to take the time to fill out a questionnaire that was taken using purposive and convience sampling methods. Data collection using a questionnaire. Data analysis was performed by multiple linear regression with SPSS 17.00 software. The results of this study indicate that merchandise has an effect on consumer purchasing decisions with a significance value of 0.002, while the t table is 3.260, so the value of t count is greater than the t table. Store location does not have a significant effect on purchasing decisions at the Bintang Aquarium Solo Shop, as evidenced by a significance value of 0.551 while t count 0.598, the t value is smaller than the t table value. Employee service is not significant towards consumer purchasing decisions at Bintang Aquarium Solo Shop, as evidenced by the t value of 1.450 while the significance value is 0.150, so the value of t count is smaller than t table. Price affects consumer purchasing decisions at the Bintang Aquarium Solo shop, as evidenced by the t value of 2,400, while the significance value is 0.018, so the value of t is greater than the value of t table.
 This study aims to analyze the effect of the store image of an ornamental fish shop which consists of merchandise variables, shop location, employee services, and prices on consumer purchasing decisions. The sample in this study were 105 respondents who were willing and willing to take the time to fill out a questionnaire that was taken using purposive and convience sampling methods. Data collection using a questionnaire. Data analysis was performed by multiple linear regression with SPSS 17.00 software. The results of this study indicate that merchandise has an effect on consumer purchasing decisions with a significance value of 0.002, while the t table is 3.260, so the value of t count is greater than the t table. Store location does not have a significant effect on purchasing decisions at the Bintang Aquarium Solo Shop, as evidenced by a significance value of 0.551 while t count 0.598, the t value is smaller than the t table value. Employee service is not significant towards consumer purchasing decisions at Bintang Aquarium Solo Shop, as evidenced by the t value of 1.450 while the significance value is 0.150, so the value of t count is smaller than t table. Price affects consumer purchasing decisions at the Bintang Aquarium Solo shop, as evidenced by the t value of 2,400, while the significance value is 0.018, so the value of t is greater than the value of t table.
 This study aims to analyze the effect of the store image of an ornamental fish shop which consists of merchandise variables, shop location, employee services, and prices on consumer purchasing decisions. The sample in this study were 105 respondents who were willing and willing to take the time to fill out a questionnaire that was taken using purposive and convience sampling methods. Data collection using a questionnaire. Data analysis was performed by multiple linear regression with SPSS 17.00 software. The results of this study indicate that merchandise has an effect on consumer purchasing decisions with a significance value of 0.002, while the t table is 3.260, so the value of t count is greater than the t table. Store location does not have a significant effect on purchasing decisions at the Bintang Aquarium Solo Shop, as evidenced by a significance value of 0.551 while t count 0.598, the t value is smaller than the t table value. Employee service is not significant towards consumer purchasing decisions at Bintang Aquarium Solo Shop, as evidenced by the t value of 1.450 while the significance value is 0.150, so the value of t count is smaller than t table. Price affects consumer purchasing decisions at the Bintang Aquarium Solo shop, as evidenced by the t value of 2,400, while the significance value is 0.018, so the value of t is greater than the value of t table.
 This study aims to analyze the effect of the store image of an ornamental fish shop which consists of merchandise variables, shop location, employee services, and prices on consumer purchasing decisions. T

ContextMedical students are expected to self‐regulate their learning within complex and unpredictable clinical learning environments. Research increasingly focuses on the effects of social interactions on the development of self‐regulation in workplace settings, a notion embodied within the concept of co‐regulated learning (CRL). Creating workplace learning environments that effectively foster lifelong self‐regulated learning (SRL) requires a deeper understanding of the relationship between CRL and SRL. The aim of this study was therefore to explore medical students’ perceptions of CRL in clinical clerkships and its perceived impact on the development of their SRL.MethodsWe conducted semi‐structured interviews with 11 purposively sampled medical students enrolled in clinical clerkships at one undergraduate competency‐based medical school. Data collection and analysis were conducted iteratively, informed by principles of constructivist grounded theory. Data analysis followed stages of open, axial and selective coding, which enabled us to conceptualise how co‐regulation influences the development of students’ self‐regulation.ResultsData revealed three interrelated shifts in CRL and SRL as students progressed through clerkships. First, students’ CRL shifted from a focus on peers to co‐regulation with clinician role models. Second, self‐regulated behaviour shifted from being externally driven to being internally driven. Last, self‐regulation shifted from a task‐oriented approach towards a more comprehensive approach focusing on professional competence and identity formation. Students indicated that if they felt able to confidently and proactively self‐regulate their learning, the threshold for engaging others in meaningful CRL seemed to be lowered, enhancing further development of SRL skills.ConclusionsFindings from the current study emphasise the notion that SRL and its development are grounded in CRL in clinical settings. To optimally support the development of students’ SRL, we need to focus on facilitating and organising learners’ engagement in CRL from the start of the medical curriculum.

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to present the results of an exploratory study that investigates Portuguese academics’ conceptions concerning the temporal properties of e-learning, in the context of traditional Higher Education Institutions.Design/methodology/approach– Grounded Theory methodology was used to systematically analyse data collected in semi-structured interviews with 62 academics. Data analysis followed the constant comparative method and its three-staged coding approach: open, axial and selective coding. Data collection and analysis developed until theoretical saturation was reached.Findings– Emergent academics’ conceptions concerning the temporal properties of e-learning indicate the existence of unregulated and unaccounted for dynamics, which are a direct consequence of transitioning from campus-based lecturing to teaching online using the affordances of virtual learning environments. This transition produces disruptions to established workload metrics and work patterns, as well as conflicts with dominant modes of instructional delivery that are not synchronised with the demands of online interaction and immediacy.Originality/value– This paper is valuable to e-learning strategists and administrators. An understanding of the temporal properties of e-learning as perceived by academics provides actionable knowledge that is directly applicable to the design of suitable work arrangements, normative frameworks and e-learning practices that address perceived time-related barriers. To mitigate the time-related conflicts and disruptions identified in the study the authors suggest the establishment of university-wide norms of virtual presence and the implementation of temporal protocols to sustain the productive engagement between instructors and learners.

Objective: This study aimed to identify the factors influencing the academic well-being of gifted students to develop a model. Methods and Materials: The research method used in this study was qualitative, utilizing a grounded theory approach. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews. The data were examined and analyzed based on Strauss and Corbin's (1998) grounded theory methodology. The study population consisted of all male and female gifted sixth-grade students in the city of Isfahan in 2022. The research sample was selected through purposive sampling, and after conducting interviews with 23 students, the factors influencing academic well-being were identified. It should be noted that data analysis was conducted using three stages of open, axial, and selective coding. Findings: Based on the results of the study, open codes were organized around 57 concepts, axial codes included 8 concepts, and selective codes were identified and extracted into 4 concepts under the titles of school context, family context, social context, and individual resources. Conclusion: The findings of the research suggest that by recognizing and understanding the factors influencing academic well-being, it is possible to create conditions that enhance the academic well-being of gifted students.

Presenting an Adequacy Based Model For Elementary School Principals

This study investigates the impact of incorporating Geometer's Sketchpad into GSP-based instruction on the algebraic reasoning proficiency of students. The research outlines the application of GSP-based instruction, utilizing Geometer's Sketchpad in Mathematics education, with a specific focus on solving quadratic problems. A quasi-experimental design, involving non-equivalent pre-test and post-test assessments, was conducted on 60 second-grade students at a private secondary school in Kuala Lumpur. The experimental group, consisting of 30 students, utilized Geometer's Sketchpad in their learning, while the control group, comprising 30 students, received traditional instruction. Data analysis was performed using ANATES 4 and SPSS 25.0 software, incorporating inferential statistics such as paired t-tests and one-way ANCOVA for quantitative data analysis. Both groups underwent an initial pre-test assessment. The research findings reveal a significant disparity in algebraic reasoning proficiency between the two groups, indicating substantial improvement after the intervention. Consequently, the integration of Geometer's Sketchpad in GSP-based instruction contributed to the enhancement of students' algebraic reasoning skills, particularly in quadratic problem-solving. In conclusion, this study underscores the potential of Geometer's Sketchpad as an instructional intervention, urging mathematics educators to contemplate its incorporation as an alternative teaching tool.

The research investigated the relationship between social media and science education students academic achievement in university of Calabar. The study adopted the expost-facto research design. The sample of the study comprised of 175 students randomly selected in the study area. The instruments used for data collection were the questionnaire tagged social media and students academic achievement questionnaire (SMSAAQ) and Science, Technology and Society (SED) 324 result for 2017/2018 academic session. Four research questions and four null hypotheses were formulated and tested at 0.05 level of significance. Pearson-Product Correlation Coefficient was used for data analysis. The findings of the study revealed that: There is a significant relationship between facebook and academic achievement of students in department of science education. The use of twitter does not significantly relates to students academic achievement in department of science education. There was a significant relationship between Whatsapp use and academic achievement of students in department of science education. There was also a significant relationship between Youtube resources and academic achievement of students in department of science education. Based on the findings, conclusions were drawn and the following recommendations were made to include; Special orientation should be given to both lecturers and students in the study area on how to utilize social media platforms effectively to increase productivity and reduce losses. Teachers in the study area should engage their students on social media platform to increase their gain from such usage. Students when visiting these sites should mostly visit educational page to read information.

The long-term evolution (LTE)/LTE-advanced (LTE-A) network provides advanced services for billions of users with its higher bandwidths, better spectrum efficiency, and lower latency than legacy cellular networks. But it still suffers from new security threats due to its all IP-based heterogeneous architecture. Therefore, there is a critical need to perform a rapid and accurate network security measurement in the LTE/LTE-A network. To achieve LTE/LTE-A network security measurement, security-relevant data (in short security data) collection and data analysis for attack detection are required as prerequisites. However, most of the existing work only focuses on data collection and analysis for a certain type of LTE/LTE-A attacks. Little work has been done to comprehensively perform data collection and analysis for detecting various attacks on the LTE/LTE-A network. Different from previous work, in this paper, we review the security data collection and data analysis methods in terms of various attacks in order to provide the basis of security measurement in the LTE/LTE-A network. We first present a comprehensive taxonomy of attacks according to the LTE/LTE-A network structure. Then, we propose a number of criteria for evaluating the performance of data collection and analysis methods. And we lay our emphasis on the survey of data collection and analysis methods for significant active attack detection in the LTE/LTE-A network. All the reviewed methods are analyzed and discussed based on the proposed evaluation criteria. Furthermore, current open issues and future research challenges are presented with a view to stimulating future research. Finally, an adaptive data collection and data analysis model for security measurement in the LTE/LTE-A network is proposed.

The rationality that occurs in the student environment begins to fade along with the many choices given. Students do consumption activities not only based on need, but because of desire. The aims of the study were to (1) determine the economic rationality of the Social Sciences Education FKIP students at Mulawarman University, (2) find out the factors driving and inhibiting the application of economic rationality for students of the Social Sciences Education Department, FKIP Mulawarman University. This research is a phenomenological research with a qualitative approach. The data analysis used is data reduction, data presentation and leverage/drawing conclusions. The results of this study indicate that students of the Social Sciences Department in general have a fairly good economic rationality, students of the Social Sciences Department are able to determine the best course of action. Social Studies Education Department students in their economic behavior make considerations in making decisions. However, there is a side where students of the Social Sciences Education Department are still not rational, namely they are still lacking in making expense records. The category findings are product information, economic action selection, and economic behavior plan. While the factors that drive and inhibit economic rationality are economic conditions, the influence of friends, desires.

Purpose of this study is to obtain empirical data about conflict management in organizations at Sariputra Indonesia University, Tomohon. The perspective of this research is descriptive qualitative with a phenomenological design. Data were collected through interviews, observation and documentation. Samples were taken using purposive sampling by means of snowball sampling. While the data analysis uses theanalysis technique Grounded Theory developed by Strauss and Corbin (1990: 57) went through procedures, namely open coding(Open Coding),centralized coding (Axial Coding),and selected coding (Selective Coding). The results of this study are: 1) Sources of conflict as the background of conflict are very important in the conflict planning process, 2) Foundation support plays an important role in planning and climate and culture. 3) Management of conflict by determining the conflict management approach brings positive and functional changes. 4) The success of the conflict management approach with conflict resolution, conflict stimulation, reducing conflict are the keys to the success of a higher education institution by creating a joint commitment in increasing organizational productivity.