Diagnostic performance of calf circumference, SARC-F, and SARC-CalF for possible sarcopenia screening in Indonesia

Abstract

Asian working group for sarcopenia (AWGS) recently introduced “possible sarcopenia” diagnosis for early identification of sarcopenia in the primary healthcare. For initial screening, 3 modalities, i.e. calf circumference (CC) measurement, strength, assistance with walking, rising from a chair, climbing stairs, and falls (SARC-F) questionnaire, and a combination of both (SARC-CalF), are recommended. However, no validation study has been done until now. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate the diagnostic performance of the recommended screening modalities using data from Indonesia. This cross-sectional study included subjects aged ≥ 60 years old who visited primary healthcare in Surabaya, Indonesia. The diagnosis of possible sarcopenia was confirmed with hand-grip strength and repeated chair stand test. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was used to evaluate the diagnostic performance. Among 266 subjects, 186 (70%) were diagnosed with possible sarcopenia. Using the recommended cut-off, the area under the curve, sensitivity, and specificity were 0.511, 48.39% and 53.75% for CC, 0.543, 8.60% and 100% for SARC-F, and 0.572, 19.35% and 95% for SACRC-CalF. Our findings indicate that the diagnostic performance of the recommended screening modalities is poor. Multicenter studies from different areas in Indonesia should be done to confirm these findings.