Diagnostic Enigma and Therapeutic Misadventure of Extraoral Draining Sinus: A Case Report on Oral Rehabilitation with the Role of Morinda citrifolia.

Characterizing disease manifestations and treatment outcomes among patients with orofacial granulomatosis in China

Efficacy and safety of montelukast in adults with asthma and allergic rhinitis

Thymus mastichina (L.) L. and Cistus ladanifer L. for skin application: chemical characterization and in vitro bioactivity assessment

Propolis, a natural resinous compound produced by bees, has gained recognition as an impactful supplement in periodontal therapy owing to its multifaceted properties. It possesses strong antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and wound-healing properties, also propolis has shown potential in enhancing fibroblast proliferation and collagen synthesis, essential for periodontal tissue repair. Its immunomodulatory effects contribute to a balanced inflammatory response, promoting a more favorable healing environment and reducing the risk of disease progression. Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by the destruction of the supporting structures of the teeth, including the periodontal ligament and alveolar bone. This condition arises primarily from an imbalance between pathogenic bacteria and the host’s immune response Traditional periodontal treatment, particularly non-surgical periodontal therapy (NSPT), focuses on mechanical plaque removal to reduce bacterial load. However, the limitations of mechanical debridement, particularly in deep periodontal pockets, have necessitated the exploration of adjunctive therapeutic agents. Among these, propolis has demonstrated significant potential in modulating inflammatory pathways, inhibiting periodontopathic bacteria, and promoting tissue regeneration. Studies suggest that propolis can suppress pro-inflammatory mediators, such as prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and cytokines, thereby mitigating periodontal tissue destruction. Additionally, its antioxidant properties help neutralize oxidative stress, a key contributor to periodontal disease progression. The application of propolis as a local drug delivery system in gel or nanoparticle form enhances its bioavailability and ensures sustained therapeutic effects within the periodontal pocket. This review highlights the multifaceted properties and applications of propolis and emphasizes its role as an adjunctive agent in the management of periodontal diseases.

Ethnobotany, phytochemistry, pharmacology, and toxicology of the genus Sambucus L. (Viburnaceae)

This study aimed to determine the antimicrobial activity of ethanol-extracts obtained from Ocimum gratissimum L. (clove or African basil, Lamiaceae) and O. santum L. (holy basil) against some microorganisms present in oral cavity related to either medical or dental disease. Antimicrobial properties of both ethanol-extracts of Ocimum species against Streptococcus mutans KPSK2, S. pyogenes ATCC 19615, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 16794, and Candida albicans ATCC 10231 were primarily determined by agar disk diffusion method. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal or fungicidal concentration (MBC or MFC) of these herbal extracts were further determined by broth micro-dilution method. Ethanol-extracts of O. sanctum L. and O. gratissimum L. inhibited the growth of all tested microorganisms in various degrees ranging from the strongest antimicrobial activity of O. sanctum against S. pyogenes [MIC at 0.19% (w/v); MBC at 0.78% (w/v)] to the least inhibitory activity of O. gratissimum against C. albicans [MIC at 12.5% (w/v); undetectable MFC]. The ethanol-extract of O. sanctum showed stronger antimicrobial property against the tested bacteria and fungus than O. gratissimum. The ethanol-extracts of both Ocimum species showed stronger antibacterial than antifungal activity. However, the ethanol-extract of O. gratissimum even at a high concentration of 50% (w/v) was unable to eliminate the tested fungus. Ethanol-extracts of Ocimum species contain effective antibacterial and antifungal properties that may be beneficial for further development of antimicrobial agents in medical and dental fields.

Rhamnus prinoides leaf extract loaded polycaprolactone-cellulose acetate nanofibrous scaffold as potential wound dressing: An in vitro study

Outcomes of surgical fundoplication in children

Oral rehabilitation after maxillary oncological resection is challenging. This case report presents the rehabilitation of a 65-year-old Caucasian male adenoid cystic carcinoma patient using a myo-cutaneous thigh flap, zygomatic implant placement, and an immediate fixed provisional prosthesis made with computer-aided technologies. The patient presented complaints of asymptomatic enlarged swelling of 5-mm on the right hard hemi-palate. There was an oro-antral communication deriving from a previous local excision. Preoperative radiographs showed the involvement of the right maxilla, maxillary sinus, and nose with a suspect involvement of the maxillary division of the trigeminal nerve. Treatment was planned through a fully digital workflow. A partial maxillectomy was performed endoscopically, and maxilla was reconstructed using an anterolateral thigh free flap. Two zygomatic implants were inserted simultaneously. A provisional fix full-arch prosthesis was manufactured preoperatively through a fully digital workflow and was placed in the operating room. Following post-operative radiotherapy, the patient received a final hybrid prosthesis. During the follow-up period of two years, the patient reported good function, aesthetics, and significant enhancement in quality of life. According to the results of this case, the protocol represented can be a promising alternative for oral cancer patients with large defects, and can lead to an improved quality of life.

Background: Severe bone loss in the maxillofacial region poses a significant challenge in oral rehabilitation, often resulting in functional impairment, aesthetic concerns, and reduced quality of life. Traditional removable dentures exacerbate bone resorption, necessitating a multidisciplinary approach integrating maxillofacial surgery, implantology, and orthodontics. This narrative review explores the evidence-based strategies for optimizing functional and aesthetic outcomes in such cases. Methods: A systematic literature search was conducted using PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar, focusing on studies published between 2014 and 2024. Keywords included 'oral rehabilitation with severe bone loss,' 'maxillofacial surgery and implants,' 'orthodontics in implantology,' and 'functional outcomes of implant-supported rehabilitation.' Studies were included if they addressed the integration of maxillofacial surgery, implantology, and orthodontics in treating severe bone loss, emphasizing clinical efficacy and patient outcomes. Results: Multidisciplinary interventions significantly improve oral rehabilitation outcomes. Maxillofacial surgery facilitates bone grafting and reconstruction, enhancing implant stability. Implantology provides fixed prosthetic solutions that restore function and aesthetics, reducing the adverse effects of edentulism. Orthodontic approaches optimize occlusal alignment and prosthetic fit, further improving treatment predictability. Advances in digital imaging and minimally invasive techniques enhance precision and long-term success. These combined approaches foster better treatment outcomes and patient satisfaction, demonstrating the importance of integrated care in oral healthcare. Conclusion: Oral rehabilitation of patients with severe bone loss requires a comprehensive, multidisciplinary strategy. The collaboration of maxillofacial surgeons, implantologists, and orthodontists ensures optimal functional and aesthetic outcomes. Future advancements in digital planning, biomaterials, and minimally invasive techniques will further refine treatment protocols, enhancing patient care and quality of life.

Alkannins and Shikonins (A/S) are chiral-pairs of naturally occurring isohexenylnaphthazarins. They are found in the external layer of the roots of at least a hundred and fifty species that belong mainly to the genera Alkanna, Lithospermum, Echium, Onosma and Arnebia of the Boraginaceae family. Their occurrence in Jatropha glandulifera, a member of the Euphorbiaceae, should be considered as an exception. Pharmaceutical formulations with wound healing properties based on A/S have been in the market for many years. Although their wound-healing, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antioxidant, antithrombotic and antitumor properties have been extensively documented, significant insight into their specific molecular pathways and mechanisms was hindered until recently. With the establishment of viable synthetic and biosynthetic routes of A/S and the synthesis of specific derivatives that were discovered the last few years, the effects of those compounds in the molecular-cell biology of human tissues in health and disease have just started being explored in depth, revealing a new class of drugs that hold promise as the basis for many valuable therapeutic targets. In the recent years, a wealth of new information arising from research efforts, on the wound healing properties of A/S has been accumulated. In this paper we review the findings and advances on the molecular and biological properties of A/S that promote wound healing.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVESThe role of honey in the treatment of allergic rhinitis (AR) is controversial. We studied the complementary effect of ingestion of a high dose of honey, in addition to standard medications, on AR.DESIGN AND SETTINGSProspective randomized placebo-controlled study. Subjects were recruited from an otolaryngology clinic in 2 tertiary referral centers in the East coast of Peninsular Malaysia. The study period ranged from April 2010-April 2011.METHODSForty AR patients were divided equally into a case group and a control group. All the subjects received a daily dose of 10 mg of loratadine for 4 weeks. The case group ingested 1 g/kg body weight of honey daily in separate doses for the 4-week period. The control group ingested the same dose of honey-flavored corn syrup as placebo. AR symptoms were scored at the start, week 4, and week 8 of the study.RESULTSThere were no significant differences between the mean total symptom score of the case and the control groups at the start of the study. At week 4, both groups showed progressive improvement in the symptoms; at week 8, only the case group showed a continuous improvement in the symptom score. Only the group that ingested honey showed a significant improvement in individual AR symptoms. The improvement persisted for a month after the cessation of the treatment.CONCLUSIONHoney ingestion at a high dose improves the overall and individual symptoms of AR, and it could serve as a complementary therapy for AR.

Objective To improve the dentist′s understanding on odontogenic fistula of skin in the maxillofacial region. Method A case of misdiagnosed odontogenic fistula on a patient′s anterior neck skin was retrospectively analysed. Results The anterior cervical cutaneous fistula was caused by chronic odontogenic infection, mainly for the corresponding parts′ chronic periapical periodontitis. After the pathogenic tooth extraction and fistula curettage treatment, the cutaneous fistula was healed without recurrence during the follow up. Conclusion Clinicians should maintain sharp vigilance on odontogenic infection on the case of maxillofacial cutaneous fistula and determine the etiology to avoid misdiagnosis and mistreatment. Key words: Odontogenic; Cutaneous fistula; Misdiagnosis

The present investigation was designed to study the chemical composition of Algerian peppermint essential oil (PEO) as well as the in vitro and in vivo anti-inflammatory, wound-healing and anti-nociceptive properties. Twenty-three compounds were identified in the PEO with the main chemical component as menthol (53.29%). Also, PEO showed a high content of oxygenated monoterpene compounds (92.75%). Topical application of PEO at doses of 200 and 20 µL/kg significantly reduced the acute ear edema in 38.09% and 36.50, respectively. Histological observation confirmed that PEO inhibited the skin inflammatory response. In-vivo wound healing activity of the cream prepared from PEO (0.5% w/w) was assessed by circular excision wound model followed by histological examination. The topical administration of PEO cream showed a significant decrease of unhealed wound area rate between the 6th (1.67±0.14 mm2) and the 9th (0.49±0.22 mm2) days of treatment when compared with the vehicle (2.32±0.77 mm2; p<0.05) and Madecassol® 0.1% creams (2.23±0.35 mm2; p<0.05). The PEO reduced nociceptive behavior at all doses tested in the acetic acid-induced nociception test (p<0.05). These findings support the anti-inflammatory, wound-healing and analgesic properties of PEO. We suggest that PEO is a promising candidate for use in skin care products with anti-inflammatory and wound-healing properties. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3831042

Osteomyelitis is an inflammatory disease of the bone that usually begins as an infection of the medullary cavity, rapidly involves the haversian system, and quickly extends to the periosteum of the area. It develops in the jaws after a chronic odontogenic infection or for a variety of other reasons such as trauma, inadequate treatment of fracture, or irradiation to the mandible. When antimicrobial agents or drainage prove unsuccessful, acute osteomyelitis may become chronic. Conventional radiography, culture, bone biopsy, radioisotope bone scan, laser Doppler flowmetry, computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging are used for its diagnosis. We present a case of chronic suppurative osteomyelitis associated with a draining extraoral sinus, which was successfully treated with surgical debridement and stabilization with a 10-hole reconstruction plate and bicortical screws using AO principles.