Abstract

With current advances in antenatal medicine it is feasible to diagnose prenatal anomalies earlier and potentially treat these anomalies before they become a significant postnatal problem. We discuss different methods and signs of urogenital anomalies and emphasize the use of telemedicine to assist patients and healthcare providers in remote healthcare facilities, in real time. We discuss prenatal urogenital anomalies that can be detected by antenatal ultrasound and fetal magnetic resonance imaging. Ultimately, we address the natural history of urogenital anomalies, which need surgical intervention, and emphasize ex-utero intrapartum treatment procedures and other common surgical techniques, which alter the natural history of urogenital anomalies.

Highlights

  • Advancements in medicine have made it possible to diagnose and treat antenatal anomalies

  • For the sake of brevity, we address antenatal anomalies diagnosed by ultrasound and fetal magnetic resonance imaging

  • Urological anomalies found in patients with Unilateral renal agenesis (URA) included ureterovesical junction obstruction, bladder dysfunction, vesicoureteral reflux (VUR), ureteropelvic junction obstruction, ureterovesical and ureteropelvic junction obstruction, duplicated collecting system plus grade IV VUR, ectopic kidney plus grade V VUR, ectopic kidney, and development of chronic renal insufficiency [66]

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Summary

Introduction

Advancements in medicine have made it possible to diagnose and treat antenatal anomalies. For diagnosing congenital anomalies both US and fetal MRI are used. These cases can be diagnosed using US [50] or fetal MRI, both of which can clearly identify the disorder [23,51]. Urological anomalies found in patients with URA included ureterovesical junction obstruction, bladder dysfunction, vesicoureteral reflux (VUR), ureteropelvic junction obstruction, ureterovesical and ureteropelvic junction obstruction, duplicated collecting system plus grade IV VUR, ectopic kidney plus grade V VUR, ectopic kidney, and development of chronic renal insufficiency [66].

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Conclusion

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