Abstract
Abstract Vascular malformations result from congenital abnormalities in vascular morphogenesis most commonly stemming from somatic mutations. This dysregulation results in localized vascular anatomical abnormalities that can result in high-flow vascular malformations (such as arteriovenous malformations) and/or low-flow vascular malformations (such as venous malformations and lymphatic malformations). The severity and types of symptoms patients suffer are highly variable and related to the size and location of the malformation. Pediatric interventional radiologists often play a primary role in diagnosis and management of these lesions. Thus, having a firm grasp on the clinical presentation, diagnostic work-up, therapeutic management, cellular physiology, and pharmacologic mechanism of action of sclerosants/embolics is essential. This review focuses on the interventional radiologist's role in the diagnosis and management of extra-cranial congenital vascular malformations.
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