Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder with a broad phenotype, based on a complex genetic–epigenetic interaction. We propose comprehensive assessment based on a multistep model. The diagnosis of ASD is clinically based on the course of neurodevelopment and the individual’s current symptoms. ASD is characterized by persistent deficits in social communication and social interaction across contexts, not explained by general developmental delays, and manifested by deficits in social–emotional reciprocity, in nonverbal communicative behaviors used for social interaction, and in developing and maintaining relationships. The second criterion is the presence of restricted, repetitive patterns of behavior, interests, or activities and hyper- or hypo-reactivity to sensory inputs or unusual interest in sensory aspects of environment. Symptoms must be present in early childhood but may not become fully manifest until social demands exceed limited capacities.
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