Abstract
Diabetic mastopathy is a rare breast condition that may occur in insulin-treated men and women of any age. The etiology is still unclear; however, the autoimmunological background of the disease is highly suspected. The changes in diabetic mastopathy may mimic breast cancer; therefore, its diagnostic process is demanding, and treatment options are not clear and limited. Lesions in DM are usually multiple; therefore, surgical removal is not fully effective. A well-done anamnesis with core-needle biopsy is essential and definitive in most cases. In this review, we summarize up-to-date knowledge of diagnostic methods and therapeutic options for diabetic mastopathy treatment and present three cases of diabetic mastopathy-type lesions in ultrasound and radiological examinations.
Highlights
Diabetic mastopathy (DM), known as “lymphatic mastopathy”, “fibrocystic mastopathy”, and “fibrocystic breast degeneration”, accounts for less than 1% of all benign breast lesions [1]
Cases of DM have been described in patients with type II diabetes, autoimmune diseases such as Hashimoto’s thyroiditis, as well as in healthy individuals and in men
There have been numerous hypotheses for the reasons of diabetes-associated mastopathy, several cases of the disease in non-diabetic individuals have been described, which calls into question its specificity for this type of condition and raises discussion and controversy related to the nomenclature of the disease [1,8]
Summary
Diabetic mastopathy (DM), known as “lymphatic mastopathy”, “fibrocystic mastopathy”, and “fibrocystic breast degeneration”, accounts for less than 1% of all benign breast lesions [1]. The disease occurs mainly in young and middle-aged women with longstanding type I diabetes; the incidence ranges from 0.6% to 13% [1]. Cases of DM have been described in patients with type II diabetes, autoimmune diseases such as Hashimoto’s thyroiditis, as well as in healthy individuals and in men. Despite a considerable increase in our knowledge on DM that was gained in recent years and several new hypotheses, the pathogenesis of this disease remains unclear [3]. The main differential diagnosis is breast cancer because of similar clinical symptoms and imaging features [3]. Biopsy of the lesion is often necessary to establish a proper lesion classification.
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