Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a complex group of chronic diseases with different etiology, clinical course and evolution, in which hyperglycemia is their common link, triggering defects in insulin secretion and/or its mechanism of action causing disorders in distinct organs and systems. Diabetes is classified according with its etiology, highlighting type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus, gestational diabetes, and other types, mainly monogenic diabetes (MODY) or associated to other conditions. A rapid onset of hyperglycemia can cause acute complications (diabetic ketoacidosis, hypoglycemia), or chronic ones occurring mainly both at the micro- (retinopathy, nephropathy, neuropathy) and at the macrovascular level (ischemic heart disease, stroke, peripheral arterial disease). Diagnostic criteria are based on fasting blood glucose, postprandial blood glucose and glycated hemoglobin levels, distinguishing among prediabetes or diabetes. Deeper medical assessment is required in order to know the baseline status of the patient to detect comorbidities and vascular complications already present. Patient has to be trained in the diabetes management from the beginning, and follow-up planning has to be stablished.
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