Abstract
ObjectiveDiabetes mellitus (DM) is probably a risk factor for pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms (PNENs). However, the prevalence of DM in PNEN patients remains inconclusive. In the present study we observed the prevalence of DM and possible risk factors in PNEN patients.MethodsAfter excluding those with insulinoma, a total of 197 patients with PNENs were included. The demographic data, pathological characteristics, and data of blood biochemical tests were recorded. DM was considered if there was evidence of a fasting plasma glucose level of ≥7.0 mmol/L or a 2-h plasma glucose level of ≥11.1 mmol/L, or a history of DM at the time of PNEN diagnosis. Impaired fasting glucose was considered if fasting plasma glucose level was between 6.1 and 7.0 mmol/L.ResultsThe prevalence of DM, new-onset DM, and impaired fasting glucose were 17.26, 9.14, and 7.1%, respectively. The prevalence of DM was 26.0% in patients ≥60 years old (19/73) and 12.1% in patients <60 years old. Multivariable logistic regression analysis demonstrated that age, tumor size, and nerve invasion were independent risk factors for DM and impaired fasting glucose + DM (p < 0.05). Age, organs and nerve invasion were independent risk factors for impaired fasting glucose. Low high-density lipoprotein (HDL) was also a risk factor for incident of DM (OR = 0.15, 95%CI: 0.03–0.66). G2/G3 was an independent risk factor for DM in women.ConclusionOur data shows that the prevalence of DM is 17.26% in patients with PNENs and is 26.0% in patients ≥60 years of age after excluding insulinoma. Age, nerve invasion, tumor size, and HDL are risk factors for DM in PNEN patients.
Highlights
Neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs) are a group of uncommon lesions that usually occur in the gastroenteropancreatic (GEP) tract or in the bronchopulmonary system [1]
In the present study we aimed to show the prevalence of diabetes mellitus (DM) in PNEN patients after excluding insulinoma and identify possible associated factors
We observed that age, tumor size, nerve invasion and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels were independent associated factors for DM in PNEN patients
Summary
Neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs) are a group of uncommon lesions that usually occur in the gastroenteropancreatic (GEP) tract or in the bronchopulmonary system [1]. The pancreas is one of the most commonly affected organs in NENs (PNENs). Diabetes in Patients With PNENs. The pancreas is the critical organ for glucose metabolism, as it secretes insulin. Several studies have shown the association between diabetes mellitus (DM) and incident of PNENs [5,6,7,8]. Those data indicate that DM is probably a risk factor for PNEN occurrences. Tumor cells may secrete hormones that can affect glucose metabolism or insulin resistance. Tumor mass may influence normal insulin secretion by inducing destruction or atrophy of pancreatic parenchyma [7, 9, 10]
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