DEVELOPMENT OF THE ROMANIAN WEAPONS INDUSTRY

The hypothesis that shyness would be associated with attribution of emotional reactions to stable internal causes rather than to less stable internal and external causes was tested in Study 1 (N = 60). In Study 2 (N= 112) the hypothesis that the explanatory power of shyness would decrease once the effect of self-focused attention on attribution to stable internal causes had been controlled for was tested. The results confirmed both hypotheses. Shyness correlated positively with attribution to stable internal causes, but non-significant with attribution to less stable internal and external causes. Shyness explained a lesser portion of the variance in attribution to both of the internal causes when controlling for self-focus. Even though the findings indicate that self-focus is central to the social cognitive processes of shy individuals, they also suggest that self-focus cannot fully explain attribution to internal causes in general and shy individuals' attributional pattern in particular.

The scientific work deals with Romania's level of readiness for the development of the Intelligent Industry (4.0), in relation to the national, European and international trends, with the identification of the strengths and weaknesses and the steps needed to be taken to reduce the gap compared to the de- veloped countries. The scientific work will focus next on examples of contributions and elaborations of original concepts and constructions of intelligent systems, technological platforms and cobot networks that support the digital enterprise and the Intelligent Industry (4.0) in Romania.

BackgroundPublic attention is given to infants with socially high risks of child abuse and neglect, while clinical attention is provided to infants with a biologically high risk of diseases. However, few studies have systematically evaluated how biological or social factors cross over and affect cause-specific infant mortality.MethodsWe linked birth data with death data from the Japanese national vital statistics database for all infants born from 2003–2010. Using multivariate logistic regression, we examined the association between biological and social factors and infant mortality due to medical causes (internal causes), abuse (intentional external causes), and accidents (unintentional external causes).ResultsOf 8,941,501 births, 23,400 (0.26%) infants died by 1 year of age, with 21,884 (93.5%) due to internal causes, 175 (0.75%) due to intentional external causes, and 1,194 (5.1%) due to unintentional external causes. Infants with high social risk (teenage mothers, non-Japanese mothers, single mothers, unemployed household, four or more children in the household, or birth outside of health care facility) had higher risk of death by intentional, unintentional, and internal causes. Infant born with small for gestational age and preterm had higher risks of deaths by internal and unintentional causes, but not by intentional causes.ConclusionsBoth biological as well as social factors were associated with infant deaths due to internal and external causes. Interdisciplinary support from both public health and clinical-care professionals is needed for infants with high social or biological risk to prevent disease and injury.

MILLER, PATRICIA H., and ALOISE, PATRICIA A. Young Children's Understanding of the Psychological Causes of Behavior: A Review. CHILD DEVELOPMENT, 1989, 60, 257-285. This review of the preschool social cognition literature examines the common conclusion that young children understand external causes of behavior better than, and prefer them to, internal ones. 4 areas of research are considered: (1) knowledge of psychological states, (2) understanding that psychological states can cause behavior, (3) preference for internal versus external causes, and (4) discounting. Preschoolers have a rudimentary knowledge of psychological states, often tend to assume that behaviors have a psychological cause (usually an intention), and do not evidence a general preference for external causes. The particular domain and types of causes involved affect young children's social reasoning, including their use of the discounting principle. It is argued that evidence for the external-to-internal developmental trend is weak and is limited to certain domains and assessment methods. Furthermore, the internal-external dichotomy, as utilized thus far by developmental researchers, is too simplistic to be useful. More differentiation among types of external and internal causes clarifies the nature of developmental changes in social causal reasoning.

Tourism Industry in Romania - Efforts for Development and Performance

Application of fuzzy Bayesian approach on bankruptcy causes for container liner industry

The purpose of this article is, through a comparative analysis between the development of the call-center industry in the four macroregions of Romania, to identify ways of attracting investors to areas with low attractiveness for this field of activity.Knowledge of the activity sector is a condition for identifying ways to develop call-center services in areas not yet exploited.In chapter 4.1, an overview of the call-center industry in Romania was made.The comparative study between the development of the call-center industry in Romania's macroregions was carried out by comparing the business environment of call-center companies and the evolution of these companies.The study is presented in chapter 4.2.The conclusions of the study include the causes of the gap between macroregions, detected within the analyzes carried out and ways to increase the investment attractiveness of disadvantaged areas.

The authors examine the activities of the Kolomna Machine-Building Plant during the harsh years of the Great Patriotic War. The authors show the process of rapid restructuring of the enterprise for defense production, including the production of armored hulls for the T-60 tank, platform wagons for 25 mm and 37 mm anti-aircraft guns, Katyusha rocket launchers, artillery shells, and armored trains. The study also reveals the features of the evacuation of tank production to Kirov and the production facilities involved in the manufacturing of platform wagons for anti-aircraft guns for Krasnoyarsk in October 1941. The authors analyze the activities of the specialists, who after the evacuation of the main production facilities, remained near the frontline Kolomna to organize complete overhaul of tanks and self-propelled artillery guns damaged on the battlefield and to produce crowfeet and cast steel turret of machine-gun position for the construction of a fortified area on the probable way of the Fascist offensive on Moscow. These workers also produced metallurgical and mining equipment during the same period. The material of the article is based on: the decisions and resolutions of the State Defense Committee, archival documents from the museum of the joint stock company “Kolomensky Zavod,” the company managers’ memoirs, and other historical research. It was found that in the most difficult conditions of wartime, the specialists and equipment of the Kolomna Machine-Building Plant had become the basis for the creation of large defense enterprises in Siberia and after the liberation of Donbass - in Kharkov. The specialists who remained in Kolomna, along with some of those evacuated from Kirov and the besieged Leningrad, also managed to recover the design and production of mainline steam locomotives and medium-speed piston engines at the Kolomna Machine-Building Plant.

Developmental Changes in Children's Ethnic Preferences and Social Cognitions

Reasons of problems of the polish hard coal mining in connection with restructuring changes in the period 1988–2014

A corporate crisis can be defined as a short-term, undesired, unfavourable and critical state in a company, which has derived from both internal and external causes and which directly endangers the further existence and growth of the company. Although the state of crisis in the company can be affected by various interrelated external and internal causes, which vary by company as to intensity and appearance, the essence of the causes surely lies in the management of the company. During the country's period of transition, all types of explained management mistakes could be found in Slovene corporate systems. Despite the fact that the hypothesis that a pattern of management mistakes follows changes in the political and economic environment cannot be completely reliably confirmed, some outlines of such patterns are seen, in spite of everything. If there really is a more or less valid pattern of management mistakes in corporate crises and these mistakes appear differently with regard to changes in the political and economical environment in countries in transition, this could help decision-makers, who are in the process of appointing new crisis or restructuring managers, make better choices, every time, according to the managers' most appropriate competencies.

ObjectiveOur aim was to describe and compare self-reported causal attributions (interpretations of what caused an illness) among cancer survivors and to assess which sociodemographic and clinical characteristics are associated with them.MethodsData from five population-based PROFILES registry samples (i.e. lymphoma (n = 993), multiple myeloma (n = 156), colorectal (n = 3989), thyroid (n = 306), endometrial (n = 741), prostate cancer (n = 696)) were used. Causal attributions were assessed with a single question.ResultsThe five most often reported causal attributions combined were unknown (21%), lifestyle (19%), biological (16%), other (14%), and stress (12%). Lymphoma (49%), multiple myeloma (64%), thyroid (55%), and prostate (64%) cancer patients mentioned fixed causes far more often than modifiable or modifiable/fixed. Colorectal (33%, 34%, and 33%) and endometrial (38%, 32%, and 30%) cancer survivors mentioned causes that were fixed, modifiable, or both almost equally often. Colorectal, endometrial, and prostate cancer survivors reported internal causes most often, whereas multiple myeloma survivors more often reported external causes, while lymphoma and thyroid cancer survivors had almost similar rates of internal and external causes. Females, those older, those treated with hormonal therapy, and those diagnosed with prostate cancer were less likely to identify modifiable causes while those diagnosed with stage 2, singles, with ≥2 comorbid conditions, and those with endometrial cancer were more likely to identify modifiable causes.ConclusionIn conclusion, this study showed that patients report both internal and external causes of their illness and both fixed and modifiable causes. This differsbetween the various cancer types.Implications for Cancer SurvivorsAlthough the exact cause of cancer in individual patients is often unknown, having a well-informed perception of the modifiable causes of one’s cancer is valuable since it can possibly help survivors with making behavioural adjustments in cases where this is necessary or possible.

The aim of the research was to make a socio-pedagogical description of the minors’ causal attributions for their own delinquent behavior, based on the attitudes expressed by juvenile delinquents. Moreover, the aim was to reveal whether there is a statistically significant correlation between internal and external factors of delinquent behavior. A method of theoretical analysis and a descriptive-analytical method were employed, while a Delinquent Behavior Attribution Scale (Ricijaš, 2009) was used as an instrument. The current research sample consisted of 205 juvenile delinquents aged 14-18 coming from the Zenica-Doboj Canton and showing some forms of risky and delinquent behavior. The results related to the internal causes of delinquent behavior showed that the young people mostly emphasize the following causes: antisocial tendencies, followed by unthoughtfulness, personal frustration, and susceptibility to peer pressure. The results associated with external causes of delinquent behavior indicated that the young people emphasize poverty and material benefit as causes in most cases, followed by excessive control and supervision by parents, poor family relationships, situation in which the minor is, narcotics, antisocial peers, permissive parents and alcohol. The results pertaining to the relationship between internal and external causes of delinquent behavior revealed that there is a statistically significant correlation between internal and external causes of delinquent behavior. It was concluded that socio-pedagogical preventive acting should include a range of factors exerting an influence on the personality development of young people, and that socio-pedagogical programs for providing support to juvenile delinquents should be created and realized with the aim to reduce and eliminate the causes of their delinquent behavior, and to contribute to their better resocialization.

Small business failure has been a wider problem in Somaliland in general and Burao in particular for years. Therefore, this study was conducted to identify internal and external causes that contribute to small business failure in Burao, Somaliland. This study was a survey research in which questionnaires were used to collect data from 200 respondents who were owners of failed small businesses. The data was analyzed using descriptive statistical tools with help of SPSS 21. Moreover, Relative Importance Index (RII) was employed to ascertain the most significant internal and external factors that cause small business failure in Burao, Somaliland. With regard to factors caused failure of the small businesses, the study found that the most powerful internal causes were: Lack of consultation with experienced and professional business people; ineffective advertising or promotional strategy; poor business site location; lack of knowledge of current business situation, lack of specific target market. Furthermore, the study exposed that the most significant external causes that brought small business failure were: poor economic conditions; high operating expenses like rents and wages, higher competition.   Key words: Internal causes, external causes, small business failure.

Diagnosing events that affect power quality have become a worldwide concern, especially with respect to two important issues related to the relative location of the event origin (RLEO) and automatic cause classification of events (ACCE). The first one is related to the identification of the event source, i.e. either upstream or downstream in relation to the power quality meter (PQM). The second one can be subdivided into two groups, namely the classification of internal causes and of external causes. Internal causes are related to events produced by power system operation (connection or disconnection of feeders, power transformer inrush, capacitor switching, amongst others) and external causes that are related to events produced by external faults to the power system (network contacts to tree branches, animals contact, atmospheric discharges, amongst others). Both topics, RLEO and ACCE, are herein considered. In order to classify events due to internal or external causes, one should first define whether it is an actual event, what demands the RLEO. This makes use of a segmentation process applied to the voltage and current waveforms. The segmentation identifies the transient and stationary segments within the waveforms, contributing also to the feature extraction for different classification algorithms. Based on the aforementioned, this research proposes a methodology to diagnose power quality events, focusing on RLEO and ACCE. Different algorithms of segmentation, feature extraction and classification were then developed by the use of a computational tool implemented in MatLab, that considers also the preprocessing of voltage and current signals in a real data base which was made available by a distribution company in Sao Paulo State.