Development of the BMSU Accreditation Model with the Approach of the Wisdom-Based University

This study aimed to design and validate the cultural education framework for student teachers based on the six areas of the Transformation Document. The research was applied in purpose and utilized a sequential exploratory mixed-method design with both qualitative and quantitative components. In the qualitative phase, the dimensions of the proposed framework were extracted using grounded theory through interviews. In the quantitative phase, the validation of the paradigmatic model was examined in two steps: first, using the fuzzy Delphi method; and second, using the structural equation modeling (SEM) approach with partial least squares (PLS) methodology via the PLS-3 software. The qualitative research population included faculty members from the Farhangian University of Khorasan Razavi Province, and the quantitative population comprised all faculty members of Farhangian University in the same province. In the qualitative phase, purposive sampling was employed, and based on theoretical saturation, 12 participants were selected. In the quantitative phase, based on Cochran’s formula, 320 participants were selected using random sampling. The research tools included a semi-structured interview in the qualitative phase to explore the experiences, views, and knowledge of experts, and a researcher-developed questionnaire in the quantitative phase, designed based on criteria extracted from the qualitative phase, to collect data related to the cultural education framework for student teachers aligned with the six areas of the Transformation Document. The validity of the questionnaire in the qualitative phase was established through face and content validity, and its reliability was assessed using repeatability and stability indices (0.81). In the quantitative phase, face validity, content validity (0.74), and construct validity were confirmed, and reliability was determined through Cronbach’s alpha, ranging from 0.73 to 0.80 for the questionnaire components. The qualitative findings identified causal, contextual, intervening conditions, strategies, and consequences of the paradigmatic model for the cultural education of student teachers, based on the six areas of the Transformation Document. Fuzzy Delphi results indicated that all concepts related to the paradigmatic model of cultural education for student teachers had an acceptance threshold above 0.7, and the identified components for the paradigmatic model were confirmed. Finally, to assess the proposed research model, the structural equation modeling approach using the partial least squares method via PLS-3 software was employed. The results demonstrated the overall goodness-of-fit of the model, with both the structural and measurement models showing adequate quality in explaining the research variables. It can be concluded that enhancing cultural education in student teachers can be achieved through the promotion of religious education, economic education, scientific education, social education, physical education, and artistic education.

BackgroundProviding safe care in a sensitive and high-risk unit such as the ICU is one of the most crucial tasks for nurses. One way to establish the criteria for safe care is by creating a instrument to assess it. Therefore, this study was conducted with the aim of designing and psychometrically evaluating an instrument for safe nursing care in the ICU.MethodsThe current study employed a sequential-exploratory mixed-method approach with two qualitative and quantitative phases. Based on the results of qualitative phase and the literature review, the primary instrument was designed. In the quantitative phase, the designed instrument underwent psychometric evaluation. Face, content and construct validity were assessed. Face validity was assessed by 20 nurses, and content validity was assessed by 26 experts. In the construct validity stage, the sample size for the exploratory factor analysis (EFA) included 300 nurses, and for the confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) included 200 nurses who work full-time in the ICUs of hospitals affiliated with Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences in western Iran. EFA sampling was conducted in three hospitals, encompassing six ICUs, while CFA sampling was carried out in two hospitals, covering four ICUs. Sampling was done using the convenience method. The reliability of the instrument was also assessed. Finally, the interpretability, feasibility, weighting, and scoring of the instrument were evaluated.ResultsThe qualitative phase identified three themes, including professional behavior (with categories: Implementation of policies, organizing communication, professional ethics), holistic care (with categories: systematic care, comprehensive care of all systems), and safety-oriented organization (with categories: human resource management and safe environment). The primary instrument was designed with 107 items rated on a five-point Likert scale. In the quantitative phase, the psychometrics of the instrument were conducted. First, the face and content validity were assessed, and the average scale content validity index (S-CVI) was 0.94. Then, a preliminary test was conducted to assess the initial reliability (α = 0.92) and the correlation of each item with the total score. After completing these steps, the number of items in the instrument was reduced to 52. The results of the EFA explained 58% of the total variance, with 4 factors identified: professional behavior by following guidelines, comprehensive care, accurate documentation, and pressure ulcer care. At the CFA stage, the results of the calculation of indices and goodness of fit showed that the model had a good fit. The reliability of the relative stability by examining the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) for the whole instrument in 20 samples was 0.92 with a confidence interval of 0.97 − 0.81. To measure absolute stability and determine the responsiveness of the instrument, the standard error of measurement (SEM) was 4.39 and the minimum detectable change (MDC) was 12.13.ConclusionThe instrument for safe nursing care in the ICU has favorable psychometric properties.

transfer, create conditions for the establishment of farmers' behavioral psychological contracts in the process of agricultural land transfers, and guide farmers to establish relationship psychological contracts. The second is to improve the market system, properly cultivate and develop agricultural land transfer intermediaries, reduce transaction costs, and reduce the probability of farmers' psychological contracts being broken. The third is to guide farmers to establish a positive agricultural land transfer psychology based on their resource endowments such as labor force quality and cultural quality, and encourage farmers to make agricultural land transfer decisions such as subcontracting, leasing, reselling, and interchanging.

The safety attitudes questionnaire (SAQ) short form (2006) is important for assessing patient safety culture in clinical environments. However, little is known about its validity and applicability in Uganda. This study validated the SAQ short form (2006) for use in assessing patient safety culture in critical care settings of hospitals in the Ugandan context. Using a sequential exploratory mixed-methods research design, the face, content and construct validity for the SAQ short form (2006) was assessed in a multi-phased approach. A panel of eight (8) purposively selected experts assessed the face and content validity in rounds 1 and 2, respectively, while construct validity was assessed in round 3 using data from a cross-sectional survey of 256 frontline health workers in critical care settings of the selected hospitals. Analysis of survey data followed confirmatory factor analysis. Cronbach's alpha examined internal reliability. Of the 36 items in the tool's original version, 33 were rated clear, with a score of 100% on face validity. The use of contextual vocabulary and formatting issues arose as concerns. The S-CVI/Ave was 100%, and S-CVI/UA was 86.1%. Four new items added on effective communication as another dimension of patient safety culture. The survey had KMO=0.8605, the a priori-based model had a scale Cronbach's alpha=0.8881, with unsatisfactory goodness of fit (RMSEA=0.051, 90% CI: 0.044-0.057, pclose=0.427; chi-square=694.28, p <0.001; CFI=0.884, TLI=0.871). The modified final model had a scale Cronbach's alpha =0.8967 and satisfactory goodness of fit (RMSEA=0.030, 90% CI: 0.019-0.039, pclose=1.000; chi-square=424.98, p=0.002; CFI=0.966, TLI=0.960). In the tool's original form, the face validity was lacking despite satisfactory scores on item clarity. Content validity was adequate, while construct validity required modifications in construct specifications. Reliability was adequate before and after specification modifications. The modified version has adequate psychometric properties for Uganda.

The aims of this study were to design the Hookah Smoking Initiation for Women Questionnaire (HIWQ) and determine its psychometric properties. This was a sequential exploratory mixed-methods design consisting of qualitative and quantitative phases. This study was conducted from August 2012 to July 2013 in Tehran. In the qualitative phase, semi-structured interviews were held with 36 Iranian women for developing a preliminary item pool. Consequently, during the quantitative phase, the psychometric properties of the questionnaire were determined with the collaboration of 323 women living in various geographical locations in Tehran, Iran. Content validity of the questionnaire was examined by a panel of experts. The questionnaire's construct validity was assessed using exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analyses. The Cronbach's alpha coefficient was calculated to check the questionnaire's internal consistency reliability. Moreover, its stability was tested using the test-retest method. Exploratory factor analysis indicated that the HIQW could best be explained by a six-factor solution: 'drawing the attention of other people', the need to having fun and being relaxed, 'hookah smoking in the family', 'availability of hookah', 'curiosity' and 'having a positive attitude toward hookah'. It also was found that the construct and content validity, and the reliability of the questionnaire were satisfactory (α = 0.83, ICC = 0.94). The HIQW was valid and reliable. Therefore, healthcare professionals can use it for evaluating the hookah smoking initiation in women. Future studies are required to refine this questionnaire and assess its applicability in different cultures and contexts.

Background: Accreditation process has notable effects on quality assurance in medical education and faculty development. This process determine if an institution meets or exceeds minimum standards of quality. At present, there is a lack of a standardized model of accreditation for medical University in Iran. Therefore, this study aimed to design an accreditation model for North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences with a futuristic approach. Methods: This was an exploratory sequential Mixed- methods study. The sample consisted of all vice chancellors, departments' managers, administrators and executive bodies of North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences. In the qualitative phase, based on the purposeful sampling method, 10 in-depth semi-structured interviews were performed. After data saturation and identifying key concepts, the literature review was performed to elucidate the theoretical foundations of University Accreditation. In the second phase, based on purposeful sampling method, 259 participants were selected to complete the 75 questions using a researcher made questionnaire. 10 professors evaluated the face and content validity of the questionnaire. An exploratory analysis of content undertaken to identify the 12 main factors of accreditation model and a confirmatory factor analysis was employed to verify the construct validity. A Cronbach alpha coefficient of 0.825 indicated the excellent reliability of the questionnaire. SPSS software and AMOS version 24 were used to analyze the data. Results: Based on the results of exploratory factor analysis, 12 factors were identified as model's main factors, including 1) organizational management (5.21), 2) strategy formulation (4.90), 3) research (4.39), 4) mission and goals (4.13), 5) students (3.84), 6) Informatics' Technology (3.74), 7) Human Resources (3.57), 8) Planning (3.36), 9) Faculty Services (3.11), 10) educational facilities (2.86), 11) financial factors (2.48), and 12) education (2.26). The sum of factors' variance percentages showed that the predictive power of the model is equal to 58.47%. Conclusion: The model has been fitted to measure the accreditation of North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences with a futuristic approach. Therefore, it is suggested that this model can be evaluated for accreditation of similar medical University.

BackgroundEducational leadership plays a crucial role in the development of nursing students, significantly enhancing their clinical skills and preparing them to lead advancements in healthcare. This comprehensive educational approach ensures that nursing students are well-equipped to address contemporary healthcare challenges effectively.AimThis study aimed to translate the Educational Leadership Scale for Nursing Students into Persian and evaluate its psychometric properties among Iranian nursing students.MethodsThis cross-sectional methodological study was conducted in two phases: translation and cultural adaptation, followed by psychometric evaluation. After obtaining permission from the original scale developer, the scale was translated into Persian using the Pilot and Yang model. Face and content validity were assessed both qualitatively and quantitatively. Construct validity was evaluated through exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). A convenience sample of 469 nursing students from nursing faculties in Kermanshah Province, Iran, completed the questionnaire. Internal consistency was evaluated using Cronbach's alpha and McDonald's omega coefficients. Test–retest reliability was assessed using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) in a subsample of 47 nursing students.ResultsExploratory and confirmatory factor analyses confirmed the three-factor structure of the Persian version of the instrument, with 19 items accounting for 63.80% of the total variance. The model fit was excellent, as shown by the CFI, GFI, TLI, RMSEA, and SRMR values. The scale demonstrated acceptable internal consistency reliability, with Cronbach's alpha at 0.924 and McDonald's omega at 0.923. The ICC for the total score was 0.924 (95% CI: 0.910–0.936).ConclusionThe results of the present study indicate that the Persian version of the Educational Leadership Scale for Nursing Students possesses acceptable psychometric properties. The results of face, content, and construct validity, along with reliability indices (including internal consistency and test–retest reliability), indicate that this instrument is an effective tool for evaluating educational leadership characteristics among Iranian nursing students. However, to further confirm the validity and reliability of this scale, future studies with larger and more diverse samples of nursing students, including those in clinical settings, are recommended. Furthermore, examining the criterion validity and discriminant validity of this instrument could contribute to a better understanding of its psychometric characteristics.

Purpose. The purpose of this study was to develop and validate a scale to measure health behavior across the six pillars of lifestyle medicine: sleep, social connectedness, physical activity, nutrition, substance use, and stress management. A pilot study (n = 94) investigated the construct, convergent, and content validity and reliability of the Lifestyle Medicine Health Behavior (LMHB) scale. Based on the pilot study results and literature, the scale was revised for further psychometric evaluation. Methods. A sample (n = 399) of participants completed the LMHB scale. Confirmatory factor analysis was used to assess construct validity. Face validity was assessed using qualitative feedback. Reliability was assessed using Cronbach's alpha. Results. The final model included five latent dimensions and one observed to represent each of the distinct pillars in lifestyle medicine. The open-ended response item elicited preponderance of positive feedback (∼80%); the scale was perceived as easy to understand and complete. Overall, the scale was reliable (α = 0.84). Conclusion. The LMHB scale assesses health behaviors across all six lifestyle medicine pillars, addressing each one systematically and individually. The scale had sufficient validity and reliability to measure health behaviors in this sample of adults. This is the first lifestyle medicine survey instrument to evaluate content, face, and construct validity and reliability.

Artificial intelligence (AI) has recently entered the medical field, but the level of readiness of medical students for it is not obvious. A tool with appropriate psychometric properties for use in different languages and for international comparison is required to measure this readiness. Medical Artificial Intelligence Readiness Scale for medical students (MAIRS-MS) is most complete scale for this purpose till now. The purpose was to evaluate the Psychometric properties of the Persian-translated version of the MAIRS-MS and verify the replication of the original factor structure in Persian. This study was conducted at Guilan University of Medical Sciences in 2023. Validation of the Persian translated scale (P-MAIRS-MS) was performed by determining the face, content, and construct validity and reliability, impact Score, CVI, CVR, Cronbach's alpha, McDonald's omega, and ICC, and performing confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). AMOS26 and SPSS26 software were used. The translated scale had good quantitative and qualitative face and content validity (all items had the Impact Score higher than 1.5, CVI >= 0.8 and CVR>= 0.8). CFA confirmed the appropriate fit of the four-factor model (χ2/df = 1.963, RMSEA-0.063, CFI = 0.939, GFI = 0.901). Convergent validity was suitable in the first- and second-order CFA (AVE > 0.5, CR > 0.7 CR > AVE for each factor except Ability). Cronbach's alpha (α=0.938) and McDonald's omega (ω= 0.938), and ICC (0.992) indicated acceptable reliability and reproducibility of the scale. The P-MAIRS-MS demonstrated good psychometric properties and can be used for measuring and international comparing the medical students' readiness for AI.

The objective of the present study was to propose a behavioral educational model for socially vulnerable groups. The research was applied in terms of its objective and employed a mixed-method exploratory design. In the qualitative phase, thematic analysis was used, while the quantitative phase employed a descriptive-survey approach. The statistical population in the qualitative phase included academic experts and experienced officials from universities in Tehran, who were selected using non-probability purposive sampling. In the quantitative phase, the statistical population consisted of all stakeholders involved with child labor in Tehran Municipality, including managers and deputies, who were selected through structural equation modeling. Stratified random sampling was used in this phase. Data collection tools included semi-structured interviews in the qualitative phase and a researcher-made questionnaire in the quantitative phase. To assess internal validity in the qualitative phase and external validity of the researcher-made questionnaire based on the model components, relevant metrics were used. In the qualitative phase, the credibility criterion was applied, and reliability was examined through detailed documentation of the research process and intra- and inter-researcher alignment. Additionally, in the quantitative phase, validity was assessed using content and construct validity, while reliability was measured using Cronbach's alpha and composite reliability coefficients. Data analysis in the qualitative phase involved thematic analysis using Maxqda-V2018 software, whereas the quantitative phase applied descriptive and inferential statistics using SPSS-v23, SmartPLS-v3, Lisrel V8.8, and ExpertChoice-V11 software. The findings revealed that the dimensions of the behavioral educational model for socially vulnerable groups included educational (curricula, teaching methods, educational equipment and resources, educational evaluation, teacher professional development, extracurricular activities), psychological (psychological support, psychological empowerment, psychological care, emotional support, family support), social (social support, opportunities for social participation, social awareness, enhancement of social skills, promotion of social solidarity, social networking), economic (job skills, entrepreneurship, local economic development, financial management training, economic empowerment), and cultural (preservation of cultural identity, cultural education, cultural communication, artistic development, protection of cultural heritage, cultural promotion) aspects. The results of this study not only contribute to improving the behavior of socially vulnerable groups but also serve as an effective tool for enhancing the quality of behavioral education for child laborers.

The importance of providing structural validity evidence for test score(s) derived from psychometric test instruments is highlighted by several institutions; for example, the American Psychological Association (2014) demands that evidence for the validity of an instruments' internal structure and its underlying measurement model must be provided before it is applied in psychological assessment. The knowledge about the latent structure of data obtained with tests addressing the major question "What is/are the construct[s] being measured" by psychological tests under investigation (Ziegler, 2014 (Ziegler, , 2020)) . The study of structural validity is typically addressed with factor analyses when the test scores reflect continuous latent traits. As most submissions to Psychological Test Adaptation and Development (PTAD) deal with the adaptation and further development of existing measures, authors typically test a measurement model that is based on theoretical considerations and prior findings on original versions (or adaptations) of the test under investigation. Our literature review of PTAD's publications showed that more than 90% of the articles contain at least one confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). As editor and reviewers of PTAD, we appreciate that authors are rigorous in providing evidence on the structural validity of their tests' data. However, since PTAD's inception in 2019, we experience that one comment is frequently communicated to authors during the review process, namely, the request to adjust the analytic approach in CFA from maximum likelihood (ML) estimation toward using the mean-and variance-adjusted weighted least squares (WLSMV; Muthén et al., 1997) estimator to account for the ordinal nature of the data that psychological instruments typically generate on the item level. In this editorial, we discuss the rationale behind choosing the WLSMV estimator when analyzing test adaptations and developments that are based on ordinal categorical data and concisely illustrate the problems associated with using the ML estimator (potentially in combination with robust tests of model fit) for such data.

روش تحقیق موردنظر از نظر ماهیت داده از نوع کیفی-کمی، از نظر هدف کاربردی و از نظر اجرا توصیفی از نوع پیمایشی بود. جامعه آماری این پژوهش شامل کلیه مدیران و معاونین ستادی (مراکز آموزش‌وپرورش در شهرستان­ها) و مدیران مدارس به تعداد 2300 نفر تشکیل می­داد و نمونه آماری با استفاده از فرمول کوکران برابر با 329 نفر به دست آمد که با روش نمونه­گیری خوشه­ای تصادفی، داده­های موردنیاز جمع­آوری شد. ابزار گردآوری اطلاعات شامل پرسشنامه حاصل از بخش کیفی بود که روایی محتوایی آن توسط متخصصین و روایی سازه آن از طریق تحلیل عاملی تأییدی و پایایی آن از طریق آلفای کرونباخ تعیین گردید. اطلاعات به دست آمده از طریق تکنیک معادلات ساختاری و با استفاده از نرم­افزار SPSS و AMOS مورد تجزیه‌وتحلیل قرار گرفت. نتایج به دست آمده نشان داد که خودرهبری مدیران آموزش‌وپرورش در 8 شاخص (شناخت خود، خود هدایتی، خود نظارتی، خودکنترلی، اثربخشی، هدف­گذاری، خود انگیزشی و تفکر در خود) دسته­بندی شدند که با حذف بعضی از سؤال­ها و نشانگرها، در نهایت مدل موردنظر به لحاظ آماری مورد تأیید قرار گرفت.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to develop a comprehensive tool to identify key components of leisure, thereby, examining the relationship between the prevalence of leisure (PLA) and psychological wellbeing (PWB); and its overall effect on the quality of life (QOL) of mothers of children with Autism-Spectrum-Disorder (ASD) with the demanding care of the child with autism. Design/Methodology/Approach: A cross-sectional design with interpretivism and an inductive approach a sample of 140 mothers of children with ASD, in India was used to develop this instrument. Structural equation modeling (SEM), partial least squares structural equation modelling (PL-SEM), and chi-square were used to analyze the scale items. Research data was interpreted by exploratory factor analysis and Confirmative factor analysis. Reliability was explored through split-half and internal consistency estimation using Cronbach's alpha. Finding/Result: The comprehensive outcome of quality of life (QOL) is measured as the result of engaging in the leisure of individual choice for self-replenishment, social connectedness, and happiness in life despite the demanding care of the child with autism. The overall unidimensional reliability with Cronbach’s alpha value of the scale is 0.656 having reasonably strong reliability. The construct-wise reliability demonstrated between 0.654 and 0.840 showing a high-reliability level. The validity of the instrument was established by face, content, construct, convergent, and discriminant validity tests. Most importantly the measurement model of the LsPQM-12 instrument has shown 0.935 CFI, 0.097 RMSEA, and 0.053 SRMR. Originality/Value: Leisure-specific quality of life of mothers of children with ASD as an outcome of acknowledgment of prevalence of leisure as well as the absence of leisure made possible by the development of this instrument. Thereby integrating daily leisure of short duration despite the demanding care of the child, towards the psychological wellbeing of the mother was the sequel of this study. Appraisal of time of mother’s leisure schedules in parallel with the child’s therapeutic interventions to raise overall QOL is the objective of the study. Paper Type: Case study-based analysis.

Background:Due to the growing prevalence of suicide, assessing people's attitudes toward suicide is necessary. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the psychometric properties of the Persian version of the Predicaments Questionnaire (PQ), measuring social attitudes toward suicide.MethodsThis psychometrics study evaluated face validity, content validity, temporal stability, internal consistency, and construct validity. First, the questionnaire was translated into Persian by the translate-back-translate method. The Persian version was provided to 10 experts in psychiatry for further revision. Two indicators, CVR and CVI, were calculated to evaluate the content validity. To check the face validity, we prepared a form and gave it to 10 people outside the campus to submit their opinions. Temporal stability was investigated by the test-retest method, reporting Intraclass correlation (ICC). Internal consistency was assessed by reporting Cronbach's alpha and McDonald's Omega coefficients. Construct validity was assessed using the confirmatory factor analysis to determine the number of dimensions of the questionnaire.ResultsA total of 151 students were enrolled with a mean age of 25 (SD = 0.32). The Persian PQ was valid in terms of content validity and face validity. Furthermore, it was reliable as Cronbach's alpha, McDonald's Omega, and the ICC were 0.94, 0.943, and 0.998, respectively. In addition, the confirmatory factor analysis yielded one dimension. Finally, after reviewing the experts' comments, the final amendments were made, and only question 29 was removed from the final version.ConclusionConsequently, the Persian version of the PQ is acceptable in terms of content validity, face validity, temporal stability, and internal consistency.

The first step to evaluate spiritual health as an essential component of multidimensional patient care is using a valid scale. This study aimed to provide a psychometric evaluation of the Spiritual Dryness Scale. This cross-sectional study was conducted on 136 patients with cancer in Arak city, Iran. Face and content validity, and confirmatory factor analysis were used to assess the validity and construct validity respectively, and Cronbach's alpha, and test-retest were calculated to measure internal consistency. The results indicated that the scale had appropriate face validity and the total mean score was 1.514 ± .74. All items had suitable CVR and CVI higher than .8. The ICC of the scale was .999, and Cronbach's alpha was .899 in the test– retest. The fit index was satisfactory (χ2 /df = 1.187). This scale had appropriate validity and reliability after translation into Farsi and was convenient, accessible, inexpensive, and easy-to-use.