Abstract
The problem of soil against liquefaction during earthquakes is devastating geotechnical phenomenon. Soil against liquefaction is generally occurred in loose cohesionless saturated soil when pore water pressure increases suddenly due to earthquakes and shear strength of the soil decreases to zero. Yangon area has been chosen as the study area because it is the most populated and largest city in Myanmar and located in low to medium seismicity region. In this purpose, the liquefaction potential map have been prepared for site planners and decision makers to prevent loss of lives. Geographic Information System (GIS) is very useful in decision making about the area subjected to liquefaction. ArcGIS software is used to develop the liquefaction potential maps of the selected area in Yangon City. To perform in this study, the field borehole data for groundwater table, Standard penetration test (SPT), blow counts, dry density, wet density and fine content, etc. have been collected from the downtown area of this city. Firstly, the safety factor of soil liquefaction is computed by using NCEER (National Center of Earthquake Engineering Research, 1997) Method based on cyclic resistance ratio and cyclic stress ratio and then liquefaction Potential Index (LPI) values are determined using Luna and Frost Method, 1998. Finally, liquefaction potential maps are developed corresponding to the ground motions for annual probability of exceedance equal to 1%, 2% and 10% in 50 years.
Highlights
In the past decades, a huge amount of subsurface information has been incorporated in urban and rural area in many countries for various purposes such as disaster mitigation, infrastructure development and construction of high rise building
Seismic soil liquefaction potential in terms of Liquefaction Potential Index (LPI) was proposed at 67 sites across the area of the Yangon City and the maps of LPI values were developed to demonstrate the spatial distribution of liquefaction potential
The maps of LPI were proposed for the city to predict the occurrence of damaging liquefaction for the earthquake of magnitude Mw = 7.5, Mw= 7.93 and Mw = 8.13 of amax 0.25 g, 0.36 g and 0.43 g were shown in Figures 9, 10, and 11
Summary
A huge amount of subsurface information has been incorporated in urban and rural area in many countries for various purposes such as disaster mitigation, infrastructure development and construction of high rise building. Liquefaction is one of the main effects of an earthquake that is responsibility to structural failure and damage to roads, pipelines and infrastructures [2]. It is one of the most serious geotechnical problems of public concern. The Bago (Pegu) earthquake (7.3 RS) of 5 May 1930, which caused widespread destruction of the town, is considered as a devastating disaster by Chhibber (1934) It killed approximately 500 people in Bago and 50 in Yangon that is situated at some 30 miles southwest of the epicenter – 30 miles south of Bago.
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