Development of philosophical anthropology in Kyiv Weltanschauung School

Abstract

The article is dedicated to the development of philosophical anthropology in the Kyiv Weltanschauung School. It is shown that in studies devoted to this school there are certain differences. They concern both the time of the school's founding and its founders. The vast majority of researchers consider Volodymyr Shynkaruk to be the founder of the Kyiv Weltanschauung School and date its emergence in 1969, when the principles of Weltanschauung school were promulgated. At the same time, there is another point of view on the abolition of this school. Some researchers associate its appearance with the name of Pavlo Kopnin, who also had noticeable humanistic motives for philosophizing. Attempts to combine Weltanschauung and logical- epistemological approaches are also noticeable. In this connection it is talked about Kyiv Weltanschauung-Epistemological School. In my opinion, there are more reasons to consider Volodymyr Shynkaruk, the founder of the Kyiv Weltanschauung School, who initiated the study of man - the world of man, which is the core of the Weltanschauung .In Ukrainian philosophical thought, the anthropological turn Kyiv Weltanschauung School took place not on blank space. Representatives of this school, first of all its founder Volodymyr Shynkaruk, continued to some extent the tradition of "philosophy of heart" of H. Skovoroda and P. Yurkevich, on the other hand, their philosophical heritage strangely reflected the mainstream of modern philosophy, namely the turn from epistemology to anthropology, to the ontology of the world of human existence. It is necessary to distinguish between the understanding of philosophical anthropology in the narrow and broad sense. In a narrow sense, it is understood as a philosophical discipline that developed in the 20-30 years of the 20th century and is represented by the names Scheler, Helen, Plesner. In a broad sense, philosophical anthropology is a philosophical reflection on man in general. In this regard, such key problems of philosophical anthropology as human transcendence, its identity, goal-setting as a way of human self-realization are considered.