Abstract
This paper is an expansion of our previous work on the synthesis of graphene oxides and reduced graphene oxides from different kinds of oil palm waste-based feedstocks, namely, OPL (oil palm leaf), PKS (palm kernel shell), and EFB (empty fruit bunch). Here, the electrochemical measurements of the resulting reduced graphene oxides derived via mild-temperature annealing reduction of the graphene oxides were accomplished using cyclic voltammetry and galvanostatic charge/discharge processes. The findings put forward their promising features for supercapacitor applications. For instance, the reduced graphene oxide derived using EFB precursor (rGOEFB) which has a BET surface area of 117 m2 g-1exhibits a specific capacitance of 688 F g−1at an applied current density of 0.8 A g-1. This is higher than that observed for reduced graphene oxides derived from oil palm leaf (rGOOPL), palm kernel shell (rGOPKS), and the commercially acquired graphite (rGOCG), which possessed specific capacitance values of 632, 424, and 220 F g−1, respectively. It can be deduced that the specific capacitance of the reduced graphene oxide samples increases in the following order: (rGOCG) < (rGOPKS) < (rGOOPL) < (rGOEFB). In summary, these new classes of carbon-based nanomaterials could be applied as efficient electrode materials for supercapacitor application with potential good performance. With this novel green and sustainable approach, various carbon-based nanomaterials can be fabricated for a broad range of multifunctional applications.
Highlights
Energy sustainability and environmental threats as a result of climate change are among the major fears or problems facing humanity in the 21st century [1,2,3]
As the first of its kind ever reported, the findings described in this present investigation could be considered as a baseline for further research on the potential valorization of byproduct materials from oil palm to graphenic-like materials for electrochemical energy storage applications
This paper investigated the electrochemical energy storage outlook of reduced graphene oxides derived from various oil palm waste-based precursors
Summary
Energy sustainability and environmental threats as a result of climate change are among the major fears or problems facing humanity in the 21st century [1,2,3]. A change is needed to a more promising and reliable energy cycle based on renewable energy sources and environmentally friendly and nonpolluting ways of energy generation [4,5,6,7] This is the only efficient way to curtail the production of fossil fuels and to eventually end their uses. Especially of graphene, its derivatives, and other graphitic carbon nanomaterials have been playing a considerable role in the Journal of Nanomaterials advancement of high-performance supercapacitors [12] These devices have shown strong potential to eliminate those constraints or drawbacks that have been encountered in the emerging electric vehicle technology. A one layer graphene sheet with a hypothetical surface area of 2630 m2 g−1 has been estimated to have a notional capacitance of 550 F g-1 [13, 14]
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