Abstract
Pectin (PC) extracted from a solid residue from cassava roots (Manihot esculenta Crantz) was used to coat nanoparticles (NP) containing β-carotene (BC) aiming at the gastrointestinal administration of this lipophilic nutraceutical. The NP were prepared by spontaneous emulsification method using food grade components. Pectin-coated NP have been successfully prepared as confirmed by the increased particle size and negative surface charges due to the pectin's anionic nature. NP showed spherical shape and monodisperse distribution, with a mean size of 21.3 nm (polydispersity index (PDI) 0.29) for BC PC T80-NP (nanoparticle with β-carotene, pectin and Tween 80) and 261.4 nm (PDI 0.1) for BC PC T20-NP (nanoparticle with β-carotene, pectin and Tween 20). BC was encapsulated at amounts of 530 and 324 µg/ml for BC PC T80-NP and BC PC T20-NP, respectively, with high encapsulation efficiency (> 95%), increasing its antioxidant capacity in vitro, besides no cytotoxic effect. However, only BC PC T20-NP was stable over a 90 days storage period (4°C) and revealed a strong interaction between pectin and mucin. These results suggest that pectin-coated BC PC T20-NP is a promising strategy to improve the bioavailability and permeation of BC for administration through mucosal surfaces.
Highlights
Pectin (PC) extracted from a solid residue from cassava roots (Manihot esculenta Crantz) was used to coat nanoparticles (NP) containing β-carotene (BC) aiming at the gastrointestinal administration of this lipophilic nutraceutical
NP containing BC were obtained by the spontaneous emulsification method without the addition of organic solvents and using food grade ingredients
The development of NP is a promising strategy for delivery of lipophilic molecules due to the small size that confers to these systems physical stability and high bioavailability, important traits required for numerous products in the food and pharmaceutical industries (Komaiko & Mcclements 2016)
Summary
Pectin (PC) extracted from a solid residue from cassava roots (Manihot esculenta Crantz) was used to coat nanoparticles (NP) containing β-carotene (BC) aiming at the gastrointestinal administration of this lipophilic nutraceutical. Pectin’s chemical composition, structure (degree of esterification, e.g.) and physicochemical properties are distinct according to the plant species donor (MarrasMarquez et al 2015, Chan et al 2017) In this context, the research and development of NP coated with PC from alternative botanical sources is justified because this biopolymer presents a great variation in its chemical composition and, can offer different functional characteristics (Sila et al 2009). The research and development of NP coated with PC from alternative botanical sources is justified because this biopolymer presents a great variation in its chemical composition and, can offer different functional characteristics (Sila et al 2009) Such differences can occur, for example, with respect to their resistance to enzymatic degradation or mucoadhesive properties that might be interesting for increasing the retention period of active compounds in the absorption site, eventually improving its therapeutic efficacy. The main objective of this study was to develop and characterize NP coated with cassava bagasse PC (Manihot esculenta Crantz) loaded with BC for mucoadhesive applications
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