Development of LKPD Based on Vee Diagram on Diffusion and Osmosis Material in Improving Students' Critical Thinking Skills and Science Process Skills

This study aims to determine whether there is a relationship and difference between science process skills and students' critical thinking skills based on gender. This type of research is descriptive quantitative research. The instruments used observation sheets and essay test questions. The sampling technique used was purposive sampling with samples of 90 students. The data analysis technique used by the researcher was descriptive statistics of Pearson Correlation and ANOVA tests. The results obtained were that the science process skills of students at SMPN 2 Batanghari were classified as good and dominated by female students with a percentage of 80.4%. Critical thinking skills were dominated by female students with a percentage of 32.6% (very critical). Then, there was a significant relationship between science process skills and students' critical thinking skills. Then, in the ANOVA test, male and female students' p-values of science process skills and critical thinking skills were less than 0.05. Therefore, there was a difference between the scientific process and the critical thinking skills of female and male students. This research is expected to contribute to schools and further research to improve learning methods that support critical thinking and science process skills.

Student cognitive diversity can be a barrier to enhancing critical thinking and science process skills. The TaRL-based DSI model addresses this by facilitating learning for students at different cognitive levels. This research aims to determine the effect of the Differentiated Science Inquiry (DSI) model based on the Teaching at the Right Level (TaRL) approach, on eighth-grade junior high school students' critical thinking and science process skills in the context of vibration and wave concepts. A non-equivalent control group design was used to address varied learning needs, with 55 students purposively selected for experimental and control groups. Data were collected using essay-based critical thinking tests and multiple-choice science process skills assessments. The DSI model applied four inquiry levels: Demonstrated Inquiry, Structured Inquiry, Guided Inquiry, and Self-Directed Inquiry based on students' initial abilities. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential methods. The average critical thinking skills in the experimental group after treatment were 13.04, and in the control group were 10.1. The average science process skills in the experimental group were 19.77, and in the control group were 18. The research results confirm that the TaRL-based DSI model significantly enhances students' critical thinking and science process skills at a significance level of α = 0.05. This research is expected to help educators implement the DSI model to accommodate diverse learning needs and enhance crucial skills in science education.

This quasi-experimental study aimed to determine the effect of the physics Olympics on Grade 7 students’ performance, critical thinking, and science process skills. The participants were the Grade 7 regular class students of a rural public high school in Panay Island. The participants were divided into two groups; one group was exposed to an inquiry-based approach while the other was to an inquiry-based approach enhanced with Physics Olympics. It utilized validated researcher-made and adopted-modified instruments. The data underwent statistical and thematic analysis. The study found that both the inquiry-based approach and with Physics Olympics were effective in improving students' physics performance, critical thinking, and science process skills. Though both groups were categorized as approaching proficiency level in terms of physics performance and critical thinking skills, the mean gain among the students who were exposed to intervention was higher compared to that of the students who were exposed to the traditional approach. In terms of the science process skills, students who were exposed to the inquiry-based approach were at the approaching proficiency level while those who were exposed to the intervention were at the proficiency level. The two groups had no significant difference in their mean gain scores in physics performance and critical thinking skills after the intervention. However, their mean gain score in science process skills was statistically significant which emphasizes the edge of inquiry-based teaching enhanced with physics olympics over inquiry-based approach. It can be recommended that science teachers teaching basic education should integrate physics Olympics as a mode of enhancing inquiry-based teaching approaches.

Changes in the learning paradigm in higher education develop along the times. In the 21 st century, one of the roles of higher education institutions is to act as a liaison with changes in the job market. Minister of Education and Culture No. 3 in the year 2020 states that the two of several characteristics of the learning process in the KKNI curriculum are integrative and scientific. The teaching supplements were developed as an effort to fulfill the integrative and scientific characteristics. This research examines the validity and practicality of the developed teaching supplements and looks toward the effect on students' critical thinking skills and science process skills. This research was conducted using the research and development method and the model used was the ADDIE model. The developed teaching supplement has very valid and very practical criteria so that it can be applied to research samples with minor revisions. Then, the developed teaching supplements are proven to be able to optimize students' critical thinking skills and science process skills. In addition, this research also reveals that critical thinking skills are correlated with science process skills.

This research aims to enhance preservice teachers’ critical thinking and science process skills using Research-Oriented Collaborative Inquiry Learning (REORCILEA). Sixty-four preservice chemistry teachers attended the General Chemistry course over 8 weeks in an Indonesian public university. In a quasi-experimental design, two intact classes were randomly assigned as the experimental and control groups. The Rubric for Critical Thinking Skills, the Observation Checklist for Science Process Skills, and a semi-structured interview protocol were used as data collection tools. Quantitative data were analyzed using an independent samples t-test and paired samples t-test, while the results of semi-structured interviews were analyzed using thematic analysis. The results of the t-test revealed that the REORCILEA was found more effective than the expository teaching model in fostering students’ critical thinking and science process skills. The results of the interviews also indicated that experimental group students had a more positive perception of REORCILEA. Regarding these findings, instructors are recommended to apply the REORCILEA model in order to promote students’ critical thinking, science process skills, and motivation to learn in STEM-related courses.

Abstract. This research is aimed to discover the feasibility of the Natural Science subject teaching tools developed using STEM approach. It consists of lesson plans, worksheets, and assessment tools for evaluating critical thinking and scientific process skills. This research utilized the Research and Development (R&D) method. The Research and Development method used applies the ADDIE model (Analysis - Design - Develop - Implementation - Evaluation). The outcome of the research is the validated Natural Science subject teaching tools which were developed using STEM approach. The teaching tools were validated by academic experts (lecturers) and teachers of the Natural Science subject. The average of the validation results of the developed lesson plans was 97% which is categorized as very good. The developed worksheets were rated 3.36 which can be categorized as good. The data used for validation were analyzed using Linkert scale. The instruments used in the research were in the form of validation sheets from academic experts (lecturers), teachers of Natural Science subject, and worksheets rated by students. The feasibility of the observation sheets used to assess students’ critical thinking and scientific process skills were each rated 95% and 88.9% which can be categorized as very good. The observation itself was carried out in SMP Stella Duce 1 Yogyakarta in November 2017. The results of this research show that the Natural Science subject teaching tools developed using STEM approach are feasible to use in the said subject teaching-learning processes. Keywords: STEM approach , critical thinking skill, scientific process skill

Critical thinking skills and science process skills are two variables that can be developed in the learning process, especially science learning. These two variables can support each other, especially in science learning but can also develop separately. This study aims to determine whether there is a relationship between these two variables for high school students in the mathematics and science specialization field in the Manggarai regency. The participants involved consisted of 232 students in grade XI from five high schools. The research instrument was designed in the form of a written test for each variable. The data of both variables were analyzed using Pearson correlation formula. The results showed that the two variables are correlated with one another, where the correlation value is 0.452. This value illustrates that critical thinking and science process skills are correlated at a moderate level. In addition, the two variables show a positive correlation, which means that if the critical thinking skills variable is increased, the science process skills variable will also develop. The results of this study recommend that in the process of learning science, the activities of discovering and developing knowledge can occur by empowering critical thinking skills which are supported by the application of science process skills so that both variables can develop simultaneously

Critical thinking skills and science process skills are two variables that can be developed in the learning process, especially science learning. These two variables can support each other, especially in science learning but can also develop separately. This study aims to determine whether there is a relationship between these two variables for high school students in the mathematics and science specialization field in the Manggarai regency. The participants involved consisted of 232 students in grade XI from five high schools. The research instrument was designed in the form of a written test for each variable. The data of both variables were analyzed using Pearson correlation formula. The results showed that the two variables are correlated with one another, where the correlation value is 0.452. This value illustrates that critical thinking and science process skills are correlated at a moderate level. In addition, the two variables show a positive correlation, which means that if the critical thinking skills variable is increased, the science process skills variable will also develop. The results of this study recommend that in the process of learning science, the activities of discovering and developing knowledge can occur by empowering critical thinking skills which are supported by the application of science process skills so that both variables can develop simultaneously

Critical thinking skills and science process skills are two variables that can be developed in the learning process, especially science learning. These two variables can support each other, especially in science learning but can also develop separately. This study aims to determine whether there is a relationship between these two variables for high school students in the mathematics and science specialization field in the Manggarai regency. The participants involved consisted of 232 students in grade XI from five high schools. The research instrument was designed in the form of a written test for each variable. The data of both variables were analyzed using Pearson correlation formula. The results showed that the two variables are correlated with one another, where the correlation value is 0.452. This value illustrates that critical thinking and science process skills are correlated at a moderate level. In addition, the two variables show a positive correlation, which means that if the critical thinking skills variable is increased, the science process skills variable will also develop. The results of this study recommend that in the process of learning science, the activities of discovering and developing knowledge can occur by empowering critical thinking skills which are supported by the application of science process skills so that both variables can develop simultaneously

The purpose of this study is to compile a systematic literature review to evaluate the effectiveness of the discovery learning model in improving critical thinking skills and science process skills among high school students. The importance of improving 21st-century skills, such as critical thinking skills (KBKr) and science process skills (KPS), is a major focus in education today. The Discovery Learning (DL) model is highly relevant because it places students at the center of learning, encouraging them to actively seek, analyze, and conclude their own findings. The method used was a systematic review of 50 scientific articles. These articles were searched for in the Publish or Perish and Spiece databases, with publication years limited to 2022 to 2025. The subjects of the study were research documents discussing the implementation of DL and the results of measuring its impact on high school students' critical thinking and science process skills. The results of the review concluded that the application of the discovery learning model has been proven to significantly improve high school students' critical thinking skills. In addition, the effectiveness of this model is optimized when combined with interactive teaching media, such as picture storybooks

In this study, we aim to assess the effectiveness of Project-Based Learning (PjBL) based on Multiple Intelligences (MI) theory on students' critical thinking and mathematical communication skills. This research is a quasi-experiment using non-equivalent (pre-test and post-test) control-group design. The population in this study were VIII grade students in a public junior high school in Yogyakarta and two sample classes were selected based on recommendations from teachers and had mathematical abilities that could be considered equal. The experimental class applied PjBL based on MI theory and the control class applied PjBL learning. Data collection was conducted using a test instrument in the form of description questions. This instrument is valid and reliable. Learning is said to be effective if: (1) the mean test score of critical thinking and communication skills is at least 70 (from a score range of 0-100); (2) the mean of post-test of critical thinking and communication skills is higher than the mean of pre-test; (3) the mean final score of students' critical thinking and mathematical communication skills in the experimental class is higher than the control class. Data analysis used one-sample t-test, paired-sample t-test, and T2 Hotteling test. The results of the study using the significance level α = 5% showed that (1) PjBL learning based on MI theory is effective in terms of students' critical thinking and mathematical communication skills; (2) PjBL based on MI theory learning is more effective than PjBL learning in terms of communication, but not more effective in terms of critical thinking skills. Although the data from the sample showed the acquisition of mean scores and the increase in the mean value of critical thinking learning in PjBL based on MI theory was better than PjBL learning in terms of critical thinking skill, but statistically both did not show a significant difference.

In facing AEC (ASEAN Economic Community) which has impacted education, the young generation of a nation must have higher-order thinking skills. One of the ways to achieve that purpose is through practicing science process and critical thinking skills since they start education early. To exercise those skills in our students, we need to develop supporting learning materials. In this study, we develop learning materials on the topics of projectile motion based on Guided Inquiry Model through developmental research within ADDIE. The learning materials are validated by two validators before tested to 19 students of X MIPA 2 at St. Hendrikus Senior High School. The results of the validation process indicate that the developed lesson plan is, the developed student’s worksheet, and evaluation/assessment plan are very valid with score of 3.76, 3.67, and 3.61 (out of 4) , respectively. The field test indicates that the lesson plan is implemented quite well. According to the pre- and posttest results, students’ critical thinking skills improve, which is indicated by average N-gain score of 0.39. Descriptively it also can be observed that the students’ science process skills develop throughout the implementation process. Besides, according to the questioner answers, students give positive responses to the learning materials and their implementation. In conclusion, the evaluation shows that the students achieve good critical thinking and science process skills. The developed learning materials support learning activities which involve practicing in critical thinking skills and science process skills.

This research is motivated by the findings of problems in economics learning including: in economics learning students are passive; lack of critical thinking activity and creativity; teacher-centered learning (teacher centered); The learning model used by teachers tends to be monotonous. This research aims to determine the implementation of the model problem based learning to develop students' critical thinking skills in economics learning. The research method is a case study with a qualitative approach, data is collected through interviews, observation and documentation of the implementation of learning to develop critical thinking skills. The results of the research show that planning economic learning using models problem based learning to develop highly structured and systematic critical thinking skills. Implementation of economic learning with models problem based learning Overall, it has succeeded in creating a learning environment that supports the development of students' critical and analytical thinking skills. Assessment of economic learning with models problem based learning has been designed and implemented well, so that students' critical thinking, problem solving and collaboration skills develop optimally. Supporting factors for learning economics with models problem based learning really supports the development of students' critical thinking skills. Factors inhibiting economic learning with models problem based learning developing critical thinking skills is a very serious challenge. Efforts to overcome barriers to economic learning with models problem based learning can develop students' critical thinking skills effectively.

<p>This research analyses the impact of writing to learn strategies on students' critical thinking and science communication skills, particularly on light and sound waves. The research employed a quasi-experimental approach, utilising a nonequivalent control group design. The study involved students from a high school in Palembang, with 32 participants in the experimental group and 32 in the control group. Before being tested on students, the critical thinking skills test items and science communication item sheets were evaluated by three experts. The research used pretest and posttest scores to assess the enhancement of students' cognitive abilities and critical thinking skills. The results showed that the experimental class showed significantly higher essential thinking abilities than the control class. The calculation of Cohen's d effect size is 1.5, which is included in the large category. The results of the analysis show that the test items can be used to test students. The results showed that students in the experimental class wrote conclusions well, but some wrote them less clearly due to repetition. The study concluded that the writing to learn approach effectively improved students' critical thinking skills, indicating that the writing to learn strategy can be an effective learning method. These findings suggest that integrating writing-based approaches in physics instruction can support the development of 21st-century skills. For future education practice, the test items can be combined with education technology, like flipbooks, to assess the development of students' critical thinking and communication skills</p>

Purpose: Althoughcritical thinking skills (CTS) and scientific process skills (SPS) are thebeneficial skills needed in the 21st century learning, the fact isthat the acquisition of these two skills is still low. Research witha focus on improving these skills by using inquiry-basedapproach is also limited. Therefore, this quasi-experimental study aimed to enhancepreservice elementary teachers’ CTS and SPS by using Inquiry-Based LaboratoryInstruction (IBLI). Method: A pretest-posttestcontrol group design was executed. A total of 43 students who attended TeachingScience in Elementary School-II Laboratory Course at the MuhammadiyahUniversity of Ponorogo were divided into two groups using cluster randomsampling. The experimental group (n=21)was taught by using IBLI, while the control group (n=22) was taught by using traditional laboratory method. TheOliver-Hoyo Rubric for Critical Thinking (OHRCT) and the Observation Checklist forSPS (OCSPS) were administered. The data were then analyzed by using normalizedgain score and Mann-Whitney U test atsignificance level .05.Findings: There was a significantdifference in terms of CTS and SPS between control and experimental groups infavor of experimental group students. It was found out that gained CTS score ofcontrol and experimental group students was .58 and .80, while gained SPS scorewas .60 and .81, respectively. It can be highlighted that IBLI had asignificant effect on preservice elementary teachers’ performance compared tothe conventional group.Implications for Research and Practice:The findings suggest that IBLI is considered as the effective method to fosterCTS and SPS of preservice elementary teachers. According to results, it isrecommended that preservice teachers need to be given opportunities to develophands-on and minds-on experiences in the science laboratory activities. Thelecturers should utilize IBLI to develop students’ various lifelong learningskills.