Abstract
The development along the coastal zone has led to the host of problems such as erosion, siltation, flooding, loss of coastal resources and the destruction of the fragile marine habitats. The erosion threatens the coastal zone, which affects people's economic, tourist, and recreational life. The main reason of the erosion is due to Khan Younis breakwater and the sea waves working on empty the beachy sand, thereby flooding and scouring the area as it ebbs and removing part of the unconsolidated sand. This study uses Geographic Information System to detect changes in the coastline along Deir El Balah coast during the 1972–2020 period. Shoreline change rates in the form of erosion and accretion patterns are quantified. In addition, four alternatives are proposed to to mitigate the current problems raised by repeated flooding and erosion through reefballs, cubes, geotubes and seawalls and analyze their impacts on coastal protection to provide the best possible mitigations in environmental, economical and engineering terms. Multi criteria analysis is used to assess the alternatives with respect to criteria that capture the key dimensions of the selection process. Multi criteria have been selected and addressed the most important factors when planning, designing, financing, and implementing coastal protection measures. Based on the analysis, the best alternative of three-row reefballs submerged breakwaters is recommended.
Highlights
Gaza's Mediterranean coast, which stretches for around 40 km, is rich in coastal resources
It has long been assumed that the underlying rate of long-term sandy beach erosion is two orders of magnitude faster than the rate of sea level rise, implying that any substantial rise in sea level would result in a significant increase in sea level [2]
This study proposes a rational solution to the flooding and erosion problems at Deir El Balah Camp, araising from the shoreline imbalance due to climate change and the construction of Khan Younis breakwater in 2016
Summary
Gaza's Mediterranean coast, which stretches for around 40 km, is rich in coastal resources. Coastal development has resulted in hosting problems, including increased flooding, erosion, siltation, depletion of coastal resources, and the degradation of vulnerable marine ecosystems. In some parts along the coast of Gaza strip, the coastal erosion is the most serious problem. The erosion threatens the structure, buildings, roads and other installations located directly on the coast. Fixed buildings near the beach are being increasingly exposed to the direct impact of storm waves, and will be damaged unless costly protective measures are taken against erosion. It has long been assumed that the underlying rate of long-term sandy beach erosion is two orders of magnitude faster than the rate of sea level rise, implying that any substantial rise in sea level would result in a significant increase in sea level [2]
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