Abstract
Residential housing is a critical aspect of human living and in developing countries this is a mirage due to high cost of building materials. In order to meet the needs for affordable housing with low cost materials as well as meet required fire safety standards, this research developed flame retarded fibreboards with oil palm residue reinforced in polyester resin, incorporating 0, 12 and 18% flame retardant loading using hand lay-up compression moulding. The fibreboards were tested for impact, thermal and flammability properties. Based on experiments, it was found that 12% aluminum tri-hydroxide fibreboard meets the impact and thermal limitations while the 18% hybrid formulation meets the required fire safety standard for building interior applications which will benefit rural dwellers in Nigeria and in similar climes around the world seeking to substitute conventional materials with the advantage of low cost, easy to process, biodegradable, environmentally benign and flame retarded composite material.
Highlights
RESUMEN: Desarrollo de tableros de fibras de material compuesto con retardo a la llama utilizando residuos de aceite de palma, para aplicaciones de construcción
In order to understand how effective the flame retardant is on the fire behaviour and subsequently improve on the reaction to fire properties to meet required fire safety standards for building application, this paper developed and examined oil palm composite fibreboard incorporating aluminum trihydroxide (ATH), ammonium polyphosphate (APP) with Gum Arabic powder a new intumescent flame retardant and their hybrids
The addition of OPFC12%ATH and OPFC18%ATH/APP-GAP in the fibreboard slightly deteriorated the amount of absorbed energy from 71.9kJ/m2 to 65.4kJ/m2 (9% decrease) compared to the OPFC0%
Summary
The oil palm fibre used in the fabrication of the composite fibreboard was sourced within the University of Nigeria, Nsukka community. Flame retardants fillers consisting of aluminium trihydroxide (Al2(OH)3) of particle size 10μm and ammonium polyphosphate ((NH4PO3)n(OH)2) a white-free flowing powder soluble in g/100ml of H2O with average particle size of 15μm, n-Hexane, litmus paper, distilled water and the polyester resin used were supplied by Joe Chem ventures. Gum Arabic purchased in the Northern part of Nigeria was further processed into a fine powder of particle size 300 μm used as a binder and source of carbohydrate to formulate new flame retardant specie. Development of flame retarded composite fibreboard for building applications using oil palm residue 3 were used without further purification. Note that the exact chemical structure of UPR was note supplied by the manufacturer
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