Development of elements of agricultural technology for crops with high economically valuable traits

Abstract

The article points out that studies conducted by domestic and foreign scientists indicate that progress in the economy cannot be achieved without the transfer of agricultural production on a scientific basis. Thus it shall be noted that the main directions of scientific and operational progress in agriculture are: 1. Introduction of high-performance systems, machines for the integrated mechanization of all technological processes of cultivation of agricultural crops into production; 2. Electrification and automation of the industry; 3. Introduction of resource-saving technologies, mechanization, melioration, development of breeding potential. Also it shall be noted that for growing the crops using intensive technology it is required to use plastic varieties, with economically valuable traits that would have a high yield potential and be able to withstand various stresses. From an economic point of view, different breeds differ from each other primarily in the fact that under the same conditions they can produce different yields. The average increase in grain yield due to the sowing of a new, better breed is usually at least 2 centners per 1 ha, and sometimes reaches 8–10 centners per 1 ha or more. The use of high-quality seeds of the best released breeds is one of the most accessible and cost-effective ways to increase the yield and gross harvest of agricultural products.