Abstract
The present study reports the experimental investigations carried and upgradation of 395 cc air cooled engine to dual fuel (CNG/Gasoline) application. The original 395 cc direct injection naturally aspirated, air cooled diesel engine was first converted to run on Gasoline by addition of electronic ignition system and reduction in compression ratio to suit both gasoline and CNG application. CFX software has been employed to calculate and improve the cooling capacity of engine with the use of CNG. Materials of major engine components were reviewed to suit CNG application. The engine was subsequently tuned with dual multi-mapped ignition timing for bi-fuel stoichiometric operation on engine dynamometer and then fitted on a 3-Wheeler vehicle. The vehicle was optimized on a chassis dynamometer to meet the proposed Bharat Stage-III norms. The engine has passed current BS-II emission norms with 48% margin in CO emission and 76% margin in NMHC (Non-Methane Hydrocarbons) and Extensive trials were conducted on engine and vehicle to optimize with CNG kit and minimum loaded three way cat-con to finally to met proposed BS-III norms.
Highlights
Extensive Research has given a way for a number of alternate fuels to mitigate the problems of fuel crisis and associated environmental degradation
As domestic sector is dominated by the use of LPG for meting cooking and other allied applications, attention is being diverted towards the use of natural gas on a large scale
A naturally occurring fuel found in oil fields
Summary
Extensive Research has given a way for a number of alternate fuels to mitigate the problems of fuel crisis and associated environmental degradation. Natural gas is stored in a compressed (CNG) state at room temperatures and in a liquid (LNG) form at -160oC, has an research octane number (RON) of about 127, is good suited for SI engines, can be run on without knocking on high compression ratios. The lower combustion temperatures lower the NO formation rate and produce less engineout NOx. Natural gas can replace diesel fuel in heavy duty engines with the addition of a spark ignition system. The resulting lower in-cylinder temperatures reduce the NOx levels In the literature, it is observed most of the work on the use of CNG has been carried out on the multi-cylinder water cooled engines or single cylinder water cooled engines experimentally investigated the effect of advanced injection timing on Vehicles Unladen mass, kg Reference mass, kg Gross Vehicle Weight, kg Gear box Differential ratio.
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