Development of Digital Ventilator with Internet of Things for Preparation of the Next Outbreak in Indonesia

Abstract

The emergency of the healthcare device unit, such as a ventilator, has been experienced during the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020. Therefore, ventilator usage is not hard suggested anymore for COVID-19 patients compared to the outbreak beginning. Despite that, it is still essential to have the ventilator ready, if possible, in each house, for the upcoming respiratory syndrome outbreak. Therefore, in this paper, a digital ventilator development is presented. The digital ventilator is comprised of three main parts, such as respiration mechanism (I), controller Internet of Things (IoT) module (II), and website application (III). The developed digital ventilator has been tested by comparing the measurement of respiratory data between the developed digital ventilator and gas flow analyzer. Results show that the respiratory data, such as Pressure Peak (PPeak), Positive End Respiratory Pressure (PEEP), Inspiratory Expiratory Ratio (IE Ratio), Breath per Minute (BPM), and Tidal Volume can be monitored and controlled both directly and online via website application consistently (standard deviation around 10%) with PPeak absolute error of 1.35 mbar, the PEEP absolute error of 0.16 mbar. Furthermore, the average time response of the digital ventilator to the input command from the website application is 0.23 s. Therefore, it is safe to assume that the doctor can use the website application to control the digital ventilator remotely.