Abstract
The developed device with electromagnetic coils and small permanent magnets quantifies the iron contents of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles for sentinel lymph node (SLN) biopsy. To remove diamagnetic and paramagnetic components and detect only superparamagnetic components, a 2nd harmonics signal is detected by a gradiometer under a moderate AC magnetic field (1–2 mT) with the fundamental frequency (2.944 kHz) of the coils and DC magnetic field (1–2 mT) of the magnets. The detection limit with a signal-to-noise ratio of 5 is approximately 0.28 μg of iron, and the device has a wide dynamic range of 104, 0.28 μg–2.8 mg. Additional coils and permanent magnets play an important role producing the optimum distribution of AC/DC magnetic fields for an iron distribution-independent and SLN size-independent quantification. We demonstrated the quantification of the iron in phantoms, which have a size of 3–20 mm with varied iron distributions and contain magnetic nanoparticles numerically. These results indicate that the developed device is useful for quantifying the magnetic nanoparticles accumulating in SLNs.
Highlights
Sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB)[1,2,3] using superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) and a handheld magnetic probe[4,5,6,7] is a minimally invasive and promising technique as an alternative radioisotope technique in the treatment of breast cancer that evaluates the presence of metastasis in sentinel lymph nodes (SLNs)
The magnetic probe can detect the magnetic signal from the magnetized iron in SLNs, the detected signals significantly depend on the distribution of SPIONs in the nodes and the node size; that is, there is a clear dependence on the distance between the probe and SPIONs.[8,9,10,11]
We developed a device that contains electromagnetic coils and small permanent magnets to quantify the iron content in SLNs
Summary
Sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB)[1,2,3] using superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) and a handheld magnetic probe[4,5,6,7] is a minimally invasive and promising technique as an alternative radioisotope technique in the treatment of breast cancer that evaluates the presence of metastasis in sentinel lymph nodes (SLNs). Development of device for quantifying magnetic nanoparticle tracers accumulating in sentinel lymph nodes Akihiro Kuwahata,1,a Miki Kaneko,[1] Shinichi Chikaki,[1] Moriaki Kusakabe,[2,3] and Masaki Sekino1 1Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan 2Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan 3Matrix Cell Research Institute, Inc., Ibaraki 300-1232, Japan (Presented 7 November 2017; received 26 September 2017; accepted October 2017; published online December 2017)
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