Abstract
In this study, tea (Camellia oleifera) seed oil was formulated into self-emulsifying oil formulations (SEOF) to enhance the aqueous dispersibility and intestinal retention to achieve higher bioavailability. Self-emulsifying tea seed oils were developed by using different concentrations of lecithin in combination with surfactant blends (Span®80 and Tween®80). The lecithin/surfactant systems were able to provide clear and stable liquid formulations. The SEOF were investigated for physicochemical properties including appearance, emulsion droplets size, PDI and zeta potential. The chemical compositions of tea seed oil and SEOF were compared using GC-MS techniques. In addition, the oil adsorption measurement on artificial membranes was performed using a Franz cell apparatus and colorimetric analysis. The microscopic structure of membranes was observed with scanning electron microscopy (SEM). After aqueous dilution with fed-state simulated gastric fluid (FeSSGF), the droplet size of all SEOF was close to 200 nm with low PDI values and the zeta potential was negative. GC-MS chromatograms revealed that the chemical compositions of SEOF were not significantly different from that of the original tea seed oil. The morphological study showed that only the SEOF could form film layers. The oil droplets were extracted both from membrane treated with tea seed oil and the SEOF in order to evaluate the chemical compositions by GC-MS.
Highlights
Self-emulsifying delivery systems (SEDS) are vital tools used to improve the solubility and bioavailability of lipophilic bioactive compounds
The ternary phase diagram for the systems prepared with tea seed oil containing different
The ternary phase diagram for theblends systems prepared with tea seed oil containing different
Summary
Self-emulsifying delivery systems (SEDS) are vital tools used to improve the solubility and bioavailability of lipophilic bioactive compounds. These systems can form fine oil-in-water (o/w) emulsions when introduced into an aqueous phase, such as gastrointestinal fluids, under mild agitation [1,2]. Lecithin is a good choice for the development of SEOF because of its GRAS status, biodegradability and low cost. It is desirable for use as a good surface active agent in food applications. This limitation has been overcome with the introduction of surfactants or blends of surfactants that show a synergistic effect with lecithin in microemulsion systems
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