Development of a whey protein adsorbent via a novel green electrospinning process: Optimization of synthesis parameters and evaluation of lead removal from water

The use of Sn(II) oxy-hydroxides for the effective removal of Cr(VI) from water: Optimization of synthesis parameters

Corrigendum to “Development of a whey protein adsorbent via a novel green electrospinning process: Optimization of synthesis parameters and evaluation of lead removal from water” [Environ. Nanotechnol. Monit. Manag. 25 (2026) 101134

Enhanced photocatalytic degradation of 17β-estradiol by polythiophene modified Al-doped ZnO: Optimization of synthesis parameters using multivariate optimization techniques

Intelligent and perceptual-based approach to musical instruments sound design

According to the experimental dataset on the bending strength of AlON-TiN composite synthesized by hot pressing sintering approach under different processing parameters, i.e., mass fraction of TiN, sintering temperature and soaking time, the support vector regression （SVR） approach combined with particle swarm optimization for its parameter optimization, is proposed to simulate the relationship between the bending strength and hot pressing sintering synthesis parameters of AlON-TiN composites. The optimization of process parameters and the multi-factor analysis are also carried out. The prediction result demonstrates that the estimation error of the SVR model is less than that of the artificial neural network（ANN） model under the identical training and test samples and reveales that the generalization ability of SVR model surpasses that achieved by the ANN model. The optimal synthesis parameters are obtained numerically under TiN content 13.5%, sintering temperature 1863.5 ℃ and soaking time 5.8 h. The maximum bending strength is estimated to be 555.452 MPa while the AlON-TiN composite is synthesized at the optimal synthesis parameters. These results suggest that SVR can provide an important theoretical and practical guidance to the research and development of AlON-TiN composite possessing ideal bending strength.

2,2-Dinitroethene-1,1-diamine (FOX-7) is a low-sensitive explosive suitable for various energy-material applications. It can be synthesized based on the nitration and hydrolysis of heterocyclic precursors derived from 2-methylimidazole-4,5-dione (MID) or 2-methylpyrimidine-4,6-diol (MPD). However, more information about its optimal synthesis parameters during production from MPD as a starting material is needed. In this study, Taguchi's experimental design method was used to improve the yield of FOX-7. Verification of the results shows that the optimal synthesis parameters are as follows: the molar ratio of HNO3/MPD is 8, the reaction time is 180 minutes, and the reaction temperature is 15°C; the maximum yield of FOX-7 can reach 79.14%. Furthermore, the synthesized FOX-7 was identified and characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy analysis, Fourier transforms infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Raman spectroscopy analysis, and powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD).

PVA modified filled copolymer membranes for pervaporative dehydration of acetic acid-systematic optimization of synthesis and process parameters with response surface methodology

The optimization of parameters of synthesis of belite cement clinker from coal fly ash of high Ca content is presented in this paper. The synthesis process is based on the hydrothermal-calcination-route of the fly ash without extra additions. The hydrothermal treatment was carried out in demineralized water and a 1 M NaOH solution for 4 h at the temperatures of 100 degrees C, 150 degrees C, and 200 degrees C. The precursors obtained during the hydrothermal treatmentwere heated at temperatures of 700 degrees C, 800 degrees C, 900 degrees C, and 1000 degrees C. The changes of fly ash composition after the different treatments were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), FT infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, surface area (BET-N2), and thermal analyses. From the results obtained we concluded that the optimum temperature of the hydrothermal treatment was 200 degrees C, and the optimum temperature for obtaining the belite cement clinker was 800 degrees C.

Optimization of synthesis parameters and characterization of coal fly ash derived microporous zeolite X

Since the early 20th century, lead azide (LA) has been commonly used as a primary explosive. However, lead pollution in the air and soil has attracted more and more attention, particularly in military training grounds and shooting ranges. Copper(I) 5‐nitrotetrazolate (DBX‐1) is considered as one of the most promising alternatives to LA. DBX‐1 is typically prepared from sodium 5‐nitrotetrazolate dihydrate [NaNT(H2O)2] and copper(I) chloride (CuCl). But little is known about its optimal synthesis parameters. In addition, NaNT(H2O)2 is not commercially available. In this study, NaNT(H2O)2 was prepared by ourselves. Taguchi's experimental design method was used to determine the optimal experimental conditions for obtaining the maximum yield of DBX‐1. The synthesized NaNT(H2O)2 and DBX‐1 were identified by means of SEM, NMR, FTIR, EA, UV‐Vis and STA TG‐DSC, and the sensitivity of DBX‐1 was determined using BAM fallhammer, BAM friction tester and electrostatic spark sensitivity tester. The experimental results indicated that the optimal synthesis parameters of DBX‐1 were as follows: the reaction temperature was 100 °C, the reaction time was 30 min, the concentration of NaNT(H2O)2 was 0.075 wt.% and the molar ratio of NaNT(H2O)2 to CuCl was 1.15, and then the maximum yield after purification could reach 72.2 %. The decomposition activation energies of DBX‐1 calculated by Kissinger and Ozawa methods were 178.6 and 179.0 kJ/mol, respectively. In addition, the impact sensitivity, friction sensitivity and electrostatic spark sensitivity of DBX‐1 were 51 mJ, 0.4 N and 7.3 mJ, respectively, which were almost the same as those for LA.

2,4,6,8,10,12‐Hexanitro‐2,4,6,8,10,12‐hexaazaisowurtzitane (HNIW, CL‐20) is currently recognized as the energetic material with the highest energy density in the world and can replace traditional nitramine explosives RDX and HMX for mixed explosives and solid propellants. At present, the most commonly used method for synthesizing CL‐20 is the nitration reaction using 2,6,8,12‐tetraacetyl‐2,4,6,8,10,12‐hexaazaisowurtzitane (TAIW) as the nitration precursor and HNO 3 /H 2 SO 4 mixed acid as the nitrating agent, and then the synthesized crude CL‐20 is converted into ε‐CL‐20 through the solvent/anti‐solvent recrystallization process. However, little is known about the optimal synthesis parameters for the nitration process. In this study, the Taguchi experimental design method was used to determine the optimal synthesis parameters for maximum yield of crude CL‐20. The ε‐CL‐20 produced after crystal form conversion was identified by means of scanning electron microscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry, Fourier‐transform infrared spectrometry, X‐ray diffraction, elemental analyzer, simultaneous thermogravimetry‐differential scanning calorimetry, and high‐performance liquid chromatography, and its sensitivity was measured using BAM fallhammer, friction sensitivity tester, and electrostatic spark sensitivity tester. The Taguchi analysis results indicated that the optimal synthesis parameters were as follows: the volume ratio of HNO 3 to H 2 SO 4 was 5:1, the nitration temperature was 82.5°C, the reaction time was 40 min, and the amount of TAIW used was 9 g/100 mL mixed acid, and the maximum yield of crude CL‐20 could reach 92.9%. The average yield of the process for converting crude CL‐20 into ε‐CL‐20 was about 91.8%. In addition, the impact sensitivity, friction sensitivity, and electrostatic spark sensitivity of the synthesized ε‐CL‐20 were 4.23 J, 84 N, and 0.072 J, respectively.

TiO2 nanoparticles were synthesized by the P-25 powder modified sol-gel method under different TTIP (Titanium tetraisopropoxide) concentrations, P-25 loading and the gelation pHs. Structural properties of nanoparticles were characterized by XRD, FESEM and BET analysis. Results show that crystallinity level, particle size and the surface area are a function of P-25 loading and gelation pH, whereas TTIP concentration affects only the crystalline composition. Response surface methodology based on central composite design was used to optimize these synthesis parameters in photodegradation of Acid Red 73. The degradation efficiency was significantly affected by P-25 loading, pH value of gelation and the interaction effect between TTIP concentration and P-25 loading. The optimal values of parameters were found to be a pH of 1.34, a TTIP concentration of 0.25M and a P-25 loading of 39.76 g/L. At optimal synthesis conditions, TiO2 film was coated on alumina foam and its structural properties were characterized by XRD, SEM and BET technique. The photocatalytic activity of the as-prepared films was found to be higher than that of the films prepared by the sol-gel method and those made from the slurries of P-25. The reasonable photocatalytic performance and good stability offered by the optimized film make it as an effective alternative for large application of water treatment.

This study focused on the colloidal stability enhancement of iron oxide nanoparticles synthesized using aqueous extract of the Ceratonia siliqua L. (carob pod) by optimizing the synthesis parameters. The synthesis parameters were determined as the concentration of iron ions, the concentration of extract, pH of extract, temperature, stirring rate, and reaction time. The significance of the studied factors in controlling the particle size distribution of nanoparticles was quantitatively evaluated via analysis of variance (ANOVA). Iron oxide nanoparticles were produced with an average zeta potential of +41 ± 0.8 mV, hydrodynamic size of 78 ± 22 nm, and a polydispersity value of 0.42 ± 0.06, respectively. As a result of the stability study by measuring the zeta potential, it was determined that the colloidal stability was maintained for 3 months. Green iron oxide nanoparticles (gIONPs) showed inhibition zones of 24.27 ± 0.12 mm and 20.83 ± 0.11 mm in 250 mg/mL concentration against Gram-negative (Escherichia coli) and Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus) bacterial strains, respectively. S. aureus was susceptible to the gIONPs according to the standard antibiotics of Cefotaxime (≥23 mm), Tetracycline (≥19 mm), Gentamicin (≥15 mm), and Cefoxitin (≥22 mm). E. coli was susceptible to the gIONPs according to the standard antibiotics of Tetracycline (≥19 mm) and Gentamicin (≥15 mm), but showed resistance to the Cefotaxime (15–22 mm) and Cefoxitin (≤21 mm) standard antibiotics. This study suggests that the green synthesized iron oxide nanoparticles could be used as an antimicrobial agent and a promising candidate for usage in sensor, biomedical, and electronics applications for being in a highly stable structure.

Optimization of synthesis parameters for the preparation of zeolite by reusing industrialwaste as raw material: Sandblasting waste and solar panel waste glass

Electrochemically fabricated polypyrrole nanofiber-modified electrode as a new electrochemical DNA biosensor