Development of a low-cost timer-based drip irrigation system for sustainable Waxy Corn cultivation in El Niño-Prone regions

The government has carried out infrastructure development in various regions of Indonesia to encourage regional growth and address development inequalities. In Presidential Decree No. 48 In 2014, the Province of South Sulawesi (Sulsel), which is in the Eastern Region of Indonesia (KTI), received an infrastructure investment value of IDR 39.47 trillion consisting of 33 projects. This paper analyzes the impact of infrastructure investment in South Sulawesi using the IRIO 2015 table to see how much impact it has on output, added value, and income for South Sulawesi, other provinces in Sulawesi Island, the KTI region, and the West Region of Indonesia (KBI). From the results, it can be seen that the total impact of infrastructure development is mostly received by South Sulawesi itself, but the rest of the impact flows are more received by provinces in the KBI region than KTI. To increase the flow of impact to KTI areas, local governments must strengthen economic cooperation between regions in KTI areas so that the economic sector in other regions can be lifted

The role of women farmers in various regions in Indonesia is very much needed because the need for food in Indonesia is relatively high. The working hours also high, with an average of 35 hours per week. Based on the results of preliminary observations using the Nordic Body Map, it was found that the average female farmer felt pain in the back, neck, upper arms, and wrists. This study uses the QEC (Quick exposure checklist) method. Based on this method, several parts of the body assess the onset of work disorders, namely the neck, back, shoulders or arms, and wrists. Apart from that, there are also psychosocial factors, including work speed and stress. In the QEC method, there is an exposure score calculation to determine what action is taken based on the analysis of the total exposure score. This research was conducted by filling out questionnaires in 36 different regions in Indonesia. Based on the questionnaire results, it was found that female farmers in Indonesia had the highest exposure score of 51.33%. This result can occur due to the increased load carried and the length of time worked.

The present paper reviews the recent perspectives of end-use studies as a part of urban water crisis mitigation within the past decade in various regions in Indonesia. The paper integrates a critical review of water-end use consumption from five major islands in Indonesia. Comparative methods were used to determine the domestic water consumption behaviour from the collected data from 2013 to 2020. Furthermore, the collected data were classified into two major groups (i.e., regions on Java Island and regions on non-Java Island). At the end, this review reflected a different pattern between domestic water consumption in various socio-economic regions in Indonesia and expected to provide strategies that could be used to mitigate the urban water crisis in the future.

Heavy Equipment business in Indonesia is quite potential considering the Indonesian government is implementing various development programs in various regions of Indonesia such as the construction of the Woosh Jakarta-Bandung fast train line, the Jakarta-Cikampek elevated toll road, the construction of infrastructure in various other regions of Indonesia, and buildings for public facilities. To maintain a sustainable competitive advantage in a situation like this, there is an approach that must be used. If the company has the technological capability and the ability to adapt to resources, the company can achieve this goal. The purpose of this study is to determine how important the concept of Product Life Cycle (PLC) is in marketing strategy. The method used in this paper is a literature study, namely by reviewing reading sources related to the concept of marketing strategy through the Product Life Cycle approach. Based on the results of several literature studies, it states that a company will generally have better capabilities than its competitors' performance if it is able to apply the Product Life Cycle concept. It can be concluded that the Heavy Equipment marketing strategy through the Product Life Cycle approach that needs to be improved is Product, Price, Place and Promotion can be utilized in the context of the product life cycle concept. At the maturity stage, the recommended marketing strategy is to differentiate services to differentiate yourself from competitors. Develop new markets to expand reach. Conduct more aggressive market penetration to maintain market share. Increase effective marketing promotions and communications.

Oranges hold significant economic importance, being cultivated extensively worldwide and having a large global market. Indonesia, ranked eighth globally as a producer of oranges, is one of the countries with high genetic diversity of oranges. This diversity is distributed across various regions of Indonesia, including South Sulawesi. Despite the advancements in DNA-based molecular marker techniques for assessing genetic diversity, information on orange diversity in South Sulawesi is currently unavailable and under-researched. In this study, random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers were utilized to analyze the genetic diversity of oranges in five production centers in South Sulawesi. Leaf samples of 13 orange varieties were collected from the five production centers: Pangkep, Sidrap, Bantaeng, North Luwu, and Selayar in South Sulawesi, Indonesia. Genomic DNA extraction from the orange leaves followed the protocol of the DNA Mini Kit Geneaid. DNA amplification was carried out using the RAPD method with 14 primers: OPE-04, OPH-04, OPH-15, OPN-14, OPN-16, OPR-08, OPR-20, OPW-06, OPW-09, OPX-07, OPX-11, OPX-17, UBC-18, and UBC-51. The RAPD primers yielded 109 amplified fragments ranging in size from 200 to 2000 base pairs (bp), and all RAPD primers showed 100% polymorphism. The genetic diversity value (He) of oranges in South Sulawesi was moderate (0.236). Cluster analysis based on a similarity coefficient of 77% divided the 175 orange genotypes into five groups. The most closely related genotypes were SB6 and SB7, exhibiting 100% similarity, followed by genotypes JS8 and JS9 and JS13 and JS17, with genetic similarities exceeding 99% for each pair. Genotypes P9 and SI5 displayed the highest genetic distance, with a similarity coefficient of 57%. The dendrogram diagram can serve as a basis for selecting desired plant traits in the improvement of plant characteristics through both conventional breeding and genetic engineering activities.

This research was carried out in order to find out the potential for utilizing wind energy as a source of electrical energy in Indonesia. Where this research is to fulfill the final assignment of the environmental physics course. This research is a literature study which aims to analyze several results of articles, journals and previous research. The purpose of this analysis refers to the application and development of the potential use of wind energy as a source of electrical energy in various regions of Indonesia. Like in the rice fields of Blang Krueng Village, Baitussalam District. This research is a qualitative descriptive design method through analysis, identification and exploration of previous findings. The subject targeted for this research is the use of wind energy as a source of electrical energy in various regions of Indonesia. The objects of this research are journals and articles. Briefly, the results of this research show two categories. first analysis of the categories of application of wind energy as a source of electrical energy in various regions of Indonesia. Analysis of the two categories of authentic development from several researchers who developed hydropower as a source of electrical energy.

This study investigates the adoption of solar‐powered drip irrigation systems in Egypt's sugarcane agriculture, analyzing the potential for improved sustainability through the water–energy–food–ecosystems (WEFE) nexus. Located in Qena Governorate, the research utilizes the Q‐Nexus model to compare traditional diesel‐powered irrigation with solar‐powered drip irrigation, focusing on their impacts on resource efficiency, agricultural productivity, and environmental services. Through a comprehensive methodological framework that incorporates input–output analysis, the interactions between water, energy, food production, and ecosystem services were quantified. Primary data was gathered from field interviews and surveys, supplemented by national agricultural statistics, enabling a detailed scenario analysis of current and sustainable practices. These scenarios were then used to assess the potential implications for water and energy conservation, emissions reduction, and overall sustainability. Results demonstrate significant benefits of solar‐powered drip irrigation, including a 48% reduction in water usage and a 93% decrease in diesel fuel consumption compared to diesel‐powered surface irrigation. Additionally, this approach resulted in a 34% reduction in labor and a 55% decrease in fertilizer use, while increasing sugarcane yield by 16%. Environmentally, the shift to solar‐powered systems drastically lowered greenhouse gas emissions and reduced toxicity from fertilizer runoff, underscoring the potential for enhancing agricultural sustainability and efficiency. Conclusively, the findings support the viability of integrating solar‐powered drip irrigation systems in Egyptian agriculture as a sustainable solution to improve resource efficiency, enhance productivity, and minimize environmental impacts. This study contributes to the broader discourse on sustainable agriculture by providing empirical evidence of the economic and ecological benefits of adopting advanced irrigation and energy technologies. Recommendations for policy include investment in infrastructure, subsidies for sustainable technologies, and farmer training to promote widespread adoption. Future research directions should explore the scalability of such systems and their long‐term impacts on soil health and biodiversity.HIGHLIGHTS Resource efficiency and productivity improvement: The water–energy–food–ecosystems (WEFE) nexus assessment shows that solar‐powered drip irrigation in Egypt's sugarcane agriculture can potentially reduce water usage by 48%, diesel fuel consumption by 93%, and increase sugarcane yield by 16%, significantly improving resource efficiency and agricultural productivity. Environmental and economic benefits: The shift to solar‐powered irrigation systems can potentially lower greenhouse gas emissions, reduce labor by 34%, and decrease fertilizer use by 55%, minimizing toxicity from runoff and enhancing environmental sustainability while achieving cost savings. Policy and implementation recommendations: To support the WEFE nexus and encourage widespread adoption, investment in infrastructure, subsidies for sustainable technologies, and comprehensive farmer training are crucial. This study highlights the need for policies that integrate advanced irrigation and energy technologies to achieve sustainable agriculture.

Policy subsidy agriculture in Indonesia has long been implemented as effort For support productivity and well-being farmers . Although Thus , the effectiveness subsidy This in increase income farmer Not yet fully optimized. Research This aiming For analyze how much effective policy subsidy agriculture in increase income farmers and identify factors that influence success or obstacle in implementation . Research use method quantitative descriptive with data collection through survey to farmer recipient subsidies in various regions of Indonesia as well as secondary data analysis from the Ministry of Agriculture and the Central Bureau of Statistics . The results of the study show that although subsidy lower part small from cost production , increase income farmer Not yet significant . Distribution subsidies that are not evenly be one of reason main ineffectiveness policy this , especially in areas with access limited . Findings This indicates the need repair in mechanism distribution subsidies and development approach based on need area specific for ensure more impact​ evenly to income and welfare farmers . Research This give recommendation For optimization policy more subsidies​ efficient in support resilience food national and improvement welfare farmer

The research developed a sustainable model for farmers transitioning to the Indonesian highlands using design thinking. The study used a qualitative methodology with a systematic literature review approach. The data came from journals indexed by Sinta, Google Scholar, Web of Science and Scopus in the last decade. Data analysis used Evidence-Based Software Engineering (EBSE) while data analysis techniques with design thinking models include six social evolutions empathy, exploration, elaboration, exposure, execution, and expansion. The findings of the study showed the stages of empathy are social, cultural, and economic challenges of highland farmers in Indonesia. The exploration stage explored satellite technology and agroforestry, supporting nature preservation and improving farmers' welfare. Through elaboration, the development of training modules and technological support ensure long-term sustainability. The exposure phase of policy testing and community outreach introduced the benefits of agroforestry practices, while execution emphasizes the implementation of collaborative policies between farmers, governments, and related institutions. Lastly, expanding the implementation of solutions has proven to be effective in involving the younger generation and building a network of sustainable farmer communities in various regions in Indonesia. The implications of research with a design-based thinking approach create a more effective and relevant solution to the needs of local farmers. Further research explores the role of digital technology in supporting sustainable agriculture as well as further evaluation of the long-term success of implemented policies.

The discussion in this article focuses on the study of structural da'wah in public policy in Indonesia, which is currently widely used by local governments in various regions in Indonesia to improve morale and also campaign for Islamic values in their public policies. The focus of the discussion in this article is first, facts related to structural da'wah in Indonesia. Second, what is the background for the existence of structural da'wah in public policy in Indonesia, third, how is the formulation of structural da'wah in appropriate and good public policies. The fact related to how structural da'wah is mushrooming in Indonesia is that many regions apply structural da'wah in public policy. Various examples of regions in Indonesia that carry out structural da'wah in public policy are one of them in the Bulukumba area of South Sulawesi. As well as in Bandung Regency which has a structural da'wah program with the concept of Bandung Religious, a structural da'wah policy program is also implemented in the Central Java and East Java regions, namely in Jepara and Ponorogo Regencies. The emergence of structural da'wah policies in various regions in Indonesia cannot be separated from the existence of regional autonomy policy authorities. Concerning that local governments can regulate and manage their da'wah policies with their respective social structures. such as the degradation of morals and religious politics of the local government. In formulating the structural da'wah policy, the local government uses various innovations and various alternatives in formulating the da'wah policy. Structural da'wah policies must contain Islamic values and teachings that provide motivation, encouragement and an invitation to the Islamic community to implement and apply Islamic teachings as well as possible. The birth of this policy does not aim to make it an Islamic state and create a pure sharia-based constitution that is beneficial to society. Keywords: Structural Da'wah, Public Policy

A comparative study of irrigation techniques for energy flow and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in wheat agroecosystems under contrasting environments in south of Iran

Poverty is a significant social problem in various regions of Indonesia, including the Jeneponto Regency in South Sulawesi. This research aims to formulate a model of community empowerment policy in Jeneponto Regency to address this issue. The study uses a qualitative descriptive method, with a specific focus on observing the situation of poor people in Kapita Village, Jeneponto Regency. Data collection involves using observation, interviews, and documentation techniques. The policy model for empowering the poor in Jeneponto Regency is implemented through collaboration between the government, relevant SKPD (Local Government Work Units), and NGOs (Non-Governmental Organizations). The activities conducted for the poor are designed to enhance their knowledge, attitude, and skills, primarily in the field of farming and livestock businesses related to agriculture. The knowledge developed among the poor includes effective management of farming and livestock businesses, operating tractors, and utilizing agriculture. Attitude improvement is fostered by promoting a sense of community, helping one another for the common good, advocating the use of machines over animals, encouraging morale, discipline, and fostering positive relationships. In terms of skill improvement, the poor are trained in repairing vehicles and crafting cabinets and chairs. The policy model of empowering the poor emphasizes the utilization of assistance, training, and support to enable the process of empowering the poor, ultimately leading to their betterment, empowerment, and independence.
 Keywords: model, empowerment policy, poor farming community

The presence of minority groups always presents dynamics in society. The Tablighi Jamaat has so far been classified as a religious minority group from among Muslims. As a minority group, the presence of the Tablighi Jamaat creates dynamics and conflict in the neighborhood where they live. This article aims to explain the forms and strategies in conveying the values of the religious ideology of the Muslim minority group Jamaah Tabligh in Tambi village, Wonosobo, Central Java to the surrounding community. The data used as the basis for the analysis were obtained through observation, interviews, and literature review. This article shows that the process of spreading ideological values carried out by the Tablighi Jamaat in Wonosobo was carried out based on the texts fadholilul amal, six characteristics of a friend, and khuruj fi sabilillah. Meanwhile, the efforts made by the Tablighi Jamaat group to be accepted in society through a number of things, such as: fighting the stigmatization of post-ijtima 'ulama in Gowa, South Sulawesi, carrying out a distinctive and consistent da'wah strategy, and cultural acculturation. In the face of rejection by the community, the solution chosen by the Tablighi Jamaat is to seek legitimacy for their actions through the text of fadholilul amal, the central emir, and other fellow followers of the Tablighi Jamaat. This article is still limited to the practice of spreading ideological values from the teachings of the Tablighi Jamaat in the village of Tambi, Wonosobo, so there is still a need for studies on similar Muslim minority groups in various regions in Indonesia.

The continuing oil palm expansion on food security has prompted fierce debate. On one side, analysts argue that local community incorporation in the oil palm sector can increase food purchasing in the market. However, the expansion has also brought unprecedented consequences of losing highly nutritious food due to forest conversions. This study aims to analyze oil palm expansion and local food security in various regions in Indonesia by tackling the following questions: (a) Which factors influence palm oil expansion, and does foreign investment play a role? (b) How does palm oil expansion affect food security in Indonesia? Socioeconomic methods have been applied in this study, including a systematic literature review and qualitative interviews with key stakeholders from various domestic and international organizations. These two methods help us triangulate the academic literature findings with real-world situations as perceived by the actors in the related field. Results indicate that, firstly, foreign investors have not only made a direct investment to facilitate oil palm expansion, but also indirect financial intermediaries are held without holding financial equities to upstream oil palm companies (e.g., supply chain financing contracts, channeling using local financial institutions such as credit union). Secondly, while large corporations asserted monoculture oil palm expansions, some smallholding farmers use mixed cropland expansion to share food and oil palm crops in their own smallholding terms. With the oil palm expansion, farmers can secure a cash flow from palm oil, but an unintended outcome is less nutrition diversification, and often because of the distance to markets, some commodities are favored over a more diverse diet. The outcomes of oil palm development vary and are multifold, as some stakeholders report that some studies show improving cash flows at the farm level, but other studies insist that food insecurity still prevails.

The quality of the ethanol extract of red betel leaves as a medicinal plant is determined by secondary metabolites, which are influenced by geographical conditions and the plant growing environment. This study aims to classify red betel from various regions in Indonesia based on secondary metabolite fingerprint analysis and cytotoxicity values. Observation of the diversity of secondary metabolites of the ethanol extract of red betel leaves from seven different regions (Banda Aceh, Bandung, Bogor, Malang, Samarinda, Kendari, Jayapura) was carried out using a metabolomics approach using liquid chromatography-mass spectroscopy (LC-MS/MS) and determining cytotoxicity value using the Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BSLT) method. Secondary metabolite fingerprinting analysis using cluster analysis with dendrogram yielded 12 compounds with 3 sample groups based on their region of origin, namely group 1 (Banda Aceh, Samarinda, Jayapura); group 2 (Bandung, Kendari, Malang); group 3 (Bogor). Group 1 samples identified eight compounds that had the highest relative abundance values. Group 2 samples identified 3 compounds that have the highest relative abundance values. Group 3 samples had 1 compound with the highest relative abundance value. Each compound has a different retention time. The cytotoxicity value (LC50) of the ethanol extract of betel leaves was obtained from the Banda Aceh and Malang areas (2.64 µg/mL). The conclusions of this study based on the results of secondary metabolite fingerprinting analysis and cytotoxicity values ​​identified 12 compounds with three clusters of secondary metabolite diversity based on their region of origin, namely group 1 (Banda Aceh, Jayapura, Samarinda); group 2 (Bandung et al.); group 3 (Bogor).