Abstract
We have identified the inverted metamorphic multi-junction (IMM) structure as the best vehicle to achieve increased solar cell efficiency. In this paper, advantages of this approach are listed, challenges are discussed, and results for component and integrated sub-cells are presented. The inverted dual junction lattice matched (IDJLM) cell demonstrated an AM0 V <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">oc</inf> and efficiency of 2.451 V and 26.4%, respectively. A 1.0 eV filtered inverted metamorphic (IM) cell exhibited an AM0 V <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">oc</inf> and efficiency of 0.505 V and 6.0%, respectively. The component cells were combined into a 3J-IMM 2cm × 2cm cell exhibiting an AM0 (135.3 mW/cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> ) efficiency of 32.0±1%. A 26.3 cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> cell achieved ≫30% AM0 efficiency
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