Abstract
This study was conducted to develop a simulation model of a 120 kW class electric all-wheel-drive (AWD) tractor and verify the model by comparing the measurement and simulation results. The platform was developed based on the power transmission system, including batteries, electric motors, reducers, wheels, and a charging system composed of a generator, an AC/DC converter, and chargers on each axle. The data measurement system was installed on the platform, consisting of an analog (current) and a digital part (rotational speed of electric motors and voltage and SOC (state of charge) level of batteries) by a CAN (controller area network) bus. The axle torque was calculated using the current and torque curves of the electric motor. The simulation model was developed by 1D simulation software and used axle torque and vehicle velocity data to create the simulation conditions. To compare the results of the simulation, a driving test using the platform was performed at a ground speed of 10 km/h in off- and on-road conditions. The similarities between the results were analyzed using statistical software and we found no significant difference in axle torque data. The simulation model was considered to be highly reliable given the change rate and average value of the SOC level. Using the simulation model, the workable time of driving operation was estimated to be about six hours and the workable time of plow tillage was estimated to be about 2.4 h. The results showed that the capacity of the battery is slightly low for plow tillage. However, in future studies, the electric AWD tractor performance could be improved through battery optimization through simulation under various conditions.
Highlights
Due to the increasing oil consumption of agricultural machinery and the seriousness of the pollution caused by diesel engines [1,2], the field of agricultural machinery has been actively researching electric drive type power transmission systems [3,4,5,6]
7 provides comparison of the measured andmodel simulated results of the data averaged axle motors located on the lefta and rightskid sides, so the simulation was verified fromofeach motors located on the leftaof and simulation model verified using from each torque at a ground speed
A simulation model reflecting the specifications of this electric AWD tractor was developed and verified using measured data from driving tests conducted under off-road and on-road conditions
Summary
Due to the increasing oil consumption of agricultural machinery and the seriousness of the pollution caused by diesel engines [1,2], the field of agricultural machinery has been actively researching electric drive type power transmission systems [3,4,5,6]. Electric drive power transmission systems can be classified into series hybrid, parallel hybrid, and electric drive [8]. The engine is used only to charge the battery. The electric motor receives energy from the battery and drives the vehicle [9]. Parallel hybrids are equipped with an additional internal combustion engine to distribute power optimally by driving the vehicle with an electric motor at low loads, with
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