Abstract
Background The applications of Cu and CuNPs based on the earth-abundant and inexpensive Cu metal have generated a great deal of interest in recent years, including medical applications. A novel, specific, precise, accurate and sensitive reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) method with UV detection has been developed and validated to quantify copper (Cu) and copper nanoparticles (CuNPs) in different biological matrices and pharmaceutical products. Methods The developed method has been validated for linearity, precision, sensitivity, specificity and accuracy. Cu concentration was detected in pharmaceutical products without an extraction process. Moreover, liver, serum and muscle tissues were used as biological matrices. High Cu recovery in biological samples was afforded by using citric acid as a green chelating agent, exact extraction time and pH adjustment. Cu pharmaceutical and biological samples were eluted by acetonitrile: ammonium acetate (50 mM) with 0.5 mg/ml EDTA (30:70 v:v) as an isocratic mobile phase. EDTA reacted with Cu ions forming a Cu-EDTA coloured complex, separated through the C18 column and detected by UV at 310 nm. Results The developed method was specific with a short retention time of 4.95 min. It achieved high recovery from 100.3% to 109.9% in pharmaceutical samples and 96.8–105.7% in biological samples. The precision RSD percentage was less than two. The method was sensitive by achieving low detection limits (DL) and quantification limits (QL). Conclusion The validated method was efficient and economical for detecting Cu and CuNPs by readily available chemicals as EDTA and Citric acid with C18 column, which present the best results on RP-HPLC.
Highlights
Copper (Cu) is an essential micronutrient due to its vital role in the body’s biological and biochemical processes
This study presents a method a novel insight into the quantification of Cu and Cu-nanoparticles preparation (CuNPs) in biological matrices and pharmaceutical products by the development and validation of the UV-HPLC method
Precision: The precision of a method is the degree of agreement among individual test results when the procedure is applied repeatedly to multiple samplings
Summary
Copper (Cu) is an essential micronutrient due to its vital role in the body’s biological and biochemical processes. Copper nanoparticles (CuNPs) have had a strong focus on health-related processes since they possess antibacterial properties and antifungal activity besides their catalytic, optical, and electrical properties (Argueta-Figueroa et al, 2014). The development of these CuNPs is constantly growing and progressing for future technologies (Camacho-Flores et al, 2015). A novel, specific, precise, accurate and sensitive reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) method with UV detection has been developed and validated to quantify copper (Cu) and copper nanoparticles (CuNPs) in different biological matrices and pharmaceutical products. Results: The developed method was specific with a short retention time of 4.95 min It achieved high recovery from 100.3% to 109.9% in pharmaceutical samples and 96.8–105.7% in biological samples. Conclusion: The validated method was efficient and economical for detecting Cu and CuNPs by readily available chemicals as EDTA and Citric acid with C18 column, which present the best results on RP-HPLC
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