Abstract
BackgroundImmune-related genes is closely related to the occurrence and prognosis of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). At the same time, immune-related genes have great potential as prognostic markers in many types of cancer. The prognosis of HNSCC is still poor currently, and it may be effective to predict the clinical outcome of HNSCC by immunogenic analysis.MethodsRNASeq and clinical follow-up information were downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), the MINiML format GSE65858 chip expression data was downloaded from NCBI, and immune-related genes was downloaded from the InnateDB database. Immune-related genes in 519 HNSC patients were integrated from TCGA dataset. By using multivariate COX analysis and Lasso regression, robust immune-related gene pairs (IRGPs) that predict clinical outcomes of HNSCC were identified. Finally, a risk prognostic model related to immune gene pair was established and verified by clinical features, test sets and GEO external validation set.ResultsA total of 699 IRGPs were significantly correlated with the prognosis of HNSCC patients. Fourteen robust IRGPs were finally obtained by Lasso regression and a prognostic risk prediction model was constructed. Risk score of each sample were calculated based on Risk models and divided into the high-risk group (Risk-H) and low Risk group (Risk-L). Risk models were able to stratify the risk in patients with TNM Stage, Age, gender, and smoking history, and the AUC > 0.65 in training set and test set, shows that 14-IRGPs signature in patients with HNSCC has excellent classification performance. In addition, 14-IRGPs had the highest average C index compared with the prognostic characteristics and T, N, and Age of the 3 previously reported HNSCC.ConclusionThis study constructed 14-IRGPs as a novel prognostic marker for predicting survival in HNSCC patients.
Highlights
Immune-related genes is closely related to the occurrence and prognosis of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC)
It is urgent to investigate the development of novel and sensitive HNSCC tumor prognostic markers to reduce the number of HNSCC patients not diagnosed prior to the onset of invasive disease
Identification of immune-related gene pairs (IRGPs) in patients with HNSCC For the The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) training set samples, we used a univariate Cox proportional hazard regression model to establish the relationship between patient overall survival and immune-related gene expression, and obtained 164 prognostic genes
Summary
Immune-related genes is closely related to the occurrence and prognosis of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). In 2016, the US food and drug administration (FDA) approved the first immunotherapy treatments- nivolumab and pembrolizumab for patients with recurrent (HNSCC with platinum-based regimens that are difficult to treat) [9]. These findings support the importance of immunology in HNSCC, the molecular mechanisms remain unclear, especially for immune-related genomic effects. Li et al analyzed the prognostic value of IRGPs to develop individualized immune features that improve prognosis in patients with non-squamous non-small cell lung cancer [11]. The clinical relevance and prognostic significance of IRGPs in HNSCC have not been studied in depth
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