Abstract
BackgroundHaze leads to many direct serious public health impacts. Understanding haze related knowledge can not only help adolescents organize health protection awareness to prevent the harmful effects that haze has on the body, but also promote their normal growth and development.MethodsBy considering, as the theoretical basis, the reasons behind the formation of haze and the underlying mechanisms of the diseases that it causes, in addition to also investigating extensive literature references, our research team developed the Adolescent Haze Related Knowledge Awareness Assessment Scale (AHRKAAS-I). After 6 experts reviewed AHRKAAS-I, and 6 adolescents tested the scale, the research team further revised and improved AHRKAAS-I to form AHRKAAS-II. After which, researchers randomly selected 2 districts from the 20 districts of Baoding, and subsequently randomly selected 2 middle schools from these 2 districts. Conducting a stratified cluster sampling method, considering class as a unit, the research team randomly selected 22 classes. Finally, a total of 1100 adolescents were investigated and 1034 valid questionnaires were recovered. By analyzing the data of 1034 valid questionnaires, the researchers tested the reliability and validity of the scale and obtained the final scale (AHRKAAS).ResultsAHRKAAS Cronbach’s α=0.923, content validity = 0.940, criterion validity = 0.444, and factor cumulative contribution rate = 66.178% by exploratory factor analysis. Using confirmatory factor analysis, Chi square value = 662.780, degrees of freedom = 242, Chi square value/degrees of freedom = 2.739, root-mean-square error of approximation = 0.049, goodness of fit index = 0.929, adjusted goodness of fit index = 0.905, comparative fit index = 0.964, normed fit index = 0.944, and Tueker-Lewis index = 0.955. AHRKAAS consisted of 25 items and 4 dimensions.ConclusionAHRKAAS with a good reliability and validity can be used to assess the cognition level of haze related knowledge among the adolescents, help medical workers and coordinators in schools when conducting targeted behavior interventions. Furthermore, it can be used for health guidance for adolescents relating to the health prevention of haze.
Highlights
Haze leads to many direct serious public health impacts
As a form of manifestation of severe air pollution, haze has a harmful short-term acute affect in addition to long-term chronic effects on human health. These harmful consequences of haze can lead to long-term and far-reaching negative impacts on public health, especially for the health of children and adolescents [6,7,8,9,10,11]
Understanding haze related knowledge can help adolescents organize health protection awareness for the prevention of the harmful effects haze has on the body, reducing the incidence of related diseases, and promoting their normal growth and development, whilst reducing the medical burden on the government, schools, society, and families [17]
Summary
Haze leads to many direct serious public health impacts. Understanding haze related knowledge can help adolescents organize health protection awareness to prevent the harmful effects that haze has on the body, and promote their normal growth and development. As a form of manifestation of severe air pollution, haze has a harmful short-term acute affect in addition to long-term chronic effects on human health These harmful consequences of haze can lead to long-term and far-reaching negative impacts on public health, especially for the health of children and adolescents [6,7,8,9,10,11]. Understanding haze related knowledge can help adolescents organize health protection awareness for the prevention of the harmful effects haze has on the body, reducing the incidence of related diseases, and promoting their normal growth and development, whilst reducing the medical burden on the government, schools, society, and families [17]. This study aimed to develop an Adolescent Haze Related Knowledge Awareness Assessment Scale (AHRKAAS) and test its reliability and validity to help medical workers in health care institutions, as well as school coordinators who conduct targeted behavior interventions and health guidance for adolescents in relation to the prevention of harmful effects of haze
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